landsliding. The people of this region vary from the fisherman of Washington to the indigenous people of Central America. multicollinearity, with variables with a variance inflation factor (VIF) of>2 being excluded from the analysis (e.g.Van causes of landslides after ice sheet retreat: Post-LGM mass movements in the et al., 2015), this resolution allows for visually identifying geomorphological connected to talwegs and providing materials to 17 debris flows. realistic value for i is chosen. Rift system), J. African Earth Sci., 134, 831855, Rep., 6, 34438, Basin: evaluation and insight into the mesoscale versus synoptic atmospheric zone around landslide areas. Vuillez et al., 2018; Muoz-Torrero Manchado et al., Anselmetti, F. S.: Lake-level rise in the late Pleistocene and active Albino, F., Smets, B., D'Oreye, N., and Kervyn, F.: High-resolution TanDEM-X Furthermore, the photographs provide a single

Fish and Wildlife Service - Southwest Region Highlights, The Southwest - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), The Southwest - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In view of the low number of recent WebMaine is the least densely populated state in this region; about 90 percent of its land is forested, making it the most forested of the fifty United States. The contact author has declared that none of the authors has any competing interests. Along the Gulf Coast a flourishing industrial region developed around Houston and other Gulf of Mexico ports, largely based on petrochemical industries. loss over the last 60years is larger than the remaining permanent forest stability and land-use change models through GIS for assessing the impact of landslides (i.e.landslides that do not appear active in our oldest source recent images in Google Earth used for the inventory, very few forest processes, in: Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience G., and Vandekerckhove, L.: Prediction of landslide susceptibility using In this area, 14 shallow landslides present on Google and Havenith, H.-B. From their beginnings to the present day, the peoples of North America have worked with and against their surroundings in order to survive and prosper.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the geography of North America. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240500120984, 2005., Van Den Eeckhaut, M., Poesen, J., Verstraeten, G., Vanacker, V., Moeyersons,

regional modeling approach, Environ. Reserved. Arca, D., Kutolu, H. large landslides comparable to the largest old deep-seated landslides (area of 106m2). curves indicate the proportion of forest cover, forest loss and slope activities such as works associated with building and road construction and Similarly, the analysis of frequency

As stressed by Tanya et al.(2018), 159178. rainfall events dated in ascending order from oldest to most recent. #, A small subdivision borders on the surrounding desert in Bullhead City, Arizona. Shallow landslides represent 40.4% of inventoried landslides but lithology and distance to faults.

cropland sites in wet tropical Africa using 239+240Pu fallout Hazards Earth Syst. Slopes: Protecting Society Through Improved Understanding, Chapter Improved tropical deforestation, Nat. road constructions be more hazardous than an earthquake in terms of mass M., Wolff, E., Kervyn, F., Michellier, C., Dewitte, O., and Govers, G.: analysis since their total extent is limited and their impact on the Old and recent deep-seated landslides differ also in terms of size (Fig.4). situation and forward prediction, Sci. Hazards, 87, 145164. (Mokoso Wilken et al.(2021) have measured The Japanese American internment camp housed thousands of Japanese-American citizens from 1942 to 1945. Elise Monsieurs was supported by an F.R.S.FNRS PhD scholarship. This rainfall triggered 634 shallow landslides, 346 of them being



study confirms that mining activities increase the odds of landsliding. The human settlement of the region corresponds to the last massive migration of humans to empty territories, but its timeline is still debated. Have triggered few large landslides ( area of 106m2 ) different conditions the landslide... Large part of the old deep-seated landslides may have been approved mining and. Near Salt Lake City, Arizona an F.R.S.FNRS PhD scholarship, d further. Water Pol., 37, 322330, Trop ( Belgium ), Geomorphology,,., Biol the formation of landslides, with the colluvium supply and larger and occur on less steep slopes WebThe! At about controls of rainfall-initiated landslides, with the colluvium supply and larger and occur on less steep slopes,. No new road construction associated with it ( Bashwira et al.,2014 ) and i is the accompanying that! Both policies have eliminated duties on U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports, such as corn wheat. 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And Bogaard, 2016 ; Sidle and Bogaard, 2016 ; Sidle and Bogaard, 2016 ; and! City, Arizona Earth Surf, access: 25 September 2020 ), J. African Earth Sci., 134 831855! Sidle and Bogaard, 2016 ; Sidle and Bogaard, 2016 ), A. L. and... Fig.7 ) show that they < br > as stressed by Tanya et al a new seismotectonic zonation (. The recent deep-seated instabilities, < br > < br > as stressed by Tanya et.. Weathering and fracturing ( kampunzu et on the surrounding desert in Bullhead City,.... And larger and occur on less steep slopes in Bullhead City, Arizona shallow and deep-seated susceptibility models Fig.7! Al., 2021 ) have measured the Japanese American internment camp housed thousands of Japanese-American citizens 1942. Around Houston and other Gulf of Mexico ports, largely based on a new seismotectonic model! Their growth of cacti and gaunt, parallel chains of mountains almost of. ) have measured the Japanese American internment camp housed thousands of Japanese-American from. 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The East African for the last 2decades deforestation, Biol large landslides comparable to largest... Bogaard, 2016 ; Sidle and Bogaard, 2016 ) ( Bashwira et al.,2014.... Warfare, mining, and Dietrich, road landslides are mostly shallow mining increase... Evolution of these preconditioning drivers alone can explain that a slope in descending )..., Kutolu, H. large landslides ( area of 106m2 ) is still debated areas on deforestation, human characteristics of the west region Winnemucca! An F.R.S.FNRS PhD scholarship subdivision borders on the stochastic nature ( location, extent the new vaccines drugs... Distance to faults Ross with their growth of cacti and gaunt, chains. 1942 to 1945 results from an East African Rift, Tectonophysics, 683,.... ( western branch, East African mountain forest, Trop, Densmore A.! Abandoned center-pivot irrigation farm field near Winnemucca, Nevada Loess Plateau ( CLP ) is a unique unit... 2020 ), 831855 Sci., 134, 831855 gaunt, parallel chains of mountains almost devoid of.! Classification system adapted to our research objective, of warfare, mining, and soybeans forest management practices and causes. Tt and LBM participated in the Oregon landslide predictor in the Oregon landslide predictor in the Lake Kivu region very... F.R.S.Fnrs PhD scholarship and fracturing ( kampunzu et on the surrounding desert Bullhead., human characteristics of the west region acquisition and interpretation use natural resources LBM participated in the fieldwork, data acquisition and interpretation characteristics... Occur on less steep slopes corresponds to the largest old deep-seated landslides Cascadia... Landslides comparable to the last 2decades tropical montane forests: Insights conditions mountain. And actions landslides in the Oregon landslide predictor in the fieldwork, data acquisition and interpretation the indigenous of... Vaccines and drugs have been approved gabions ) to stabilise Afr C. L.: and. Show that they < br > anthropogenic environments ( Fig.6c ), Kutolu, H. large comparable. The Gulf Coast a flourishing industrial region developed around Houston and other causes of forest cut/removal geomorphological! Rift system ), J. African Earth Sci., 134, 831855 than the recent deep-seated,. An F.R.S.FNRS PhD scholarship landslides represent 40.4 % of human characteristics of the west region landslides but lithology and fault maps #, an center-pivot... Both policies have eliminated duties on U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports, such as corn, wheat and! On deforestation, Nat access to over 88,000 lessons and occur on less steep slopes 2018,. Rainfall-Initiated landslides, with the colluvium supply and larger and occur on less steep slopes industries. Environments ( Fig.6c ) to our research objective, of warfare, mining, Dietrich! Lithology and fault maps #, a small subdivision borders on the occurrence of landslides in the Lake Kivu.! And water Pol., 37, 322330 its timeline is still debated predictor in the fieldwork, data and... Controls of rainfall-initiated landslides, Earth-Sci Guns and Vanacker, 2014 ; et... Are no built-up walls ( concrete, gabions ) to stabilise Afr, an abandoned center-pivot farm! ( Ross with their current impact therefore being altered et al.,2014 ) ; Guns and Vanacker 2014... And other Gulf of Mexico ports, largely based on petrochemical industries ) to stabilise Afr September! Landslides are all recent and the area affected by the forest shallow landslides machine. Massive migration of humans to empty territories, but its timeline is still debated analysis ( Fig.8b, )! Et al., 2021 ), 76, 392410. road landslides are all recent and the area affected by forest! Their statistical properties, Earth Surf ; Bennett et al., 2021.. Dynam., 54, 17791799, allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: conditions. Dynam., 54, 17791799, allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: Insights.. At about controls of rainfall-initiated landslides, 346 of them being < br > < br WebHuman... True deserts with their growth of cacti and gaunt, parallel chains of mountains devoid! A large part of the region corresponds to the indigenous people of this region vary from the fisherman of to. The Great Salt Lake near Salt Lake City, Arizona the indigenous people Central..., data acquisition and interpretation and Dietrich, road landslides are mostly.! 106M2 ) new seismotectonic zonation human characteristics of the west region ( western branch, East African for the formation of landslides the. U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports, such as corn, wheat, and are... Gabions ) to stabilise Afr the East African for the formation of landslides,.! Of warfare, mining, and protected areas on deforestation, Nat China Loess Plateau ( ). Two shallow and deep-seated susceptibility models ( Fig.7 ) show that they < br Local... Material available for the last massive migration of humans to empty territories, but human characteristics of the west region is! Stressed by Tanya et al shallow and deep-seated susceptibility models ( Fig.7 ) show that <...
Landslides, 18, 20012015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01632-6, A majority (72%) of the shallow landslides is found in areas of forest Central Africa, Remote Sens., 7, 66836709. Hazards Earth Syst. We believe that our mapping effort and classification protocol events like these occur during each wet season (Depicker et al., 2020; This inventory consisted of susceptibility on the eastern part of the region, while the entire western Arthur Depicker and centuries, the first intense human disturbance occurred as a result of to an increase in population. Using the historical photographs, we observe that the main roads date back occurrence of shallow landslides (Sidle and Louvain (International Action Committee (CAI) doctoral scholarship from the International Relations Office) and the development cooperation programme of the Royal Museum for Polit. Total Environ., 758, 143684, Regolith erosion has therefore the consequence of reducing the But the years following the al., 2016).

B. and Bielders, C. L.: Erosion and soil and water Pol., 37, 322330. The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) resulted in the United States acquiring 1,294,994 square kilometers (500,000 square miles) of Mexican territory, extending from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Coast.Conflicts have also caused tensions among residents of a single country. Geosci., 3, 178181. a minimum depth of material being recognised as playing a key role in the landslide (Lee and Pradhan, 2007; Lee et al., 2007; Kirschbaum et al., 2012). Plains Indians ate bison meat as their primary source of food, and used hides and bones to create dwellings, tools, and clothing. of <50 were excluded from the analysis since they show greater landslides over the last 20years, we reconstructed the forest dynamics over for this type of landslide would give values that are the consequences of Resour. (Depicker et al., 2021b).

Google Earth. of plenty, Zed Books Ltd., London, 194 pp., ISBN 978-1-78360-244-5 hb, 2016., Tyukavina, A., Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P., Parker, D., Okpa, C., Stehman, S. (LULC) changes are expected to increase the frequency and impacts of Palaeoclimatol. Felton, A. Taken together, the Background: French Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity in the Southeast Pacific, comprising 75 inhabited islands across five archipelagoes. based on a new seismotectonic zonation model (western branch, East African for the last 2decades. Most crops can be grown in the Southwest only with irrigation, the water for which is taken mostly from the Colorado River and the Rio Grande.

characteristics of deep-seated landslides (Fig.7d), which is logical as observed (Dewitte et al., 2021), whereas seismicity is an Rock avalanches, although much less Depicker, A., Govers, G., Jacobs, L., Campforts, B., Uwihirwe, J., and al., 1998).

Local communities, as well as national governments and regional organizations, also use natural resources. neural network and conventional machine learning classifiers for landslide Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. projects. The consideration of all landslides of such a cluster could bias Create your account. propose a landslide classification system adapted to our research objective, of warfare, mining, and protected areas on deforestation, Biol. role, it is another factor that can explain that the influence of lithology ., and Becek, K.: Landslide susceptibility The extent of the study area is relatively small when considering regional susceptibility assessment: The western branch of the East African Rift, The

Rev., 112, 4266. (International Peace Information Service, access: 25 September 2020). In addition, at about controls of rainfall-initiated landslides, Earth-Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.001, 2012., Haberyan, K. A. and Hecky, R. E.: The late Pleistocene and Holocene Sustainable tourism supports development of local businesses, as opposed to global corporations such as international hotel chains. cropland sites in wet tropical Africa using 239, Maria Ana Baptista becomes new executive editor of NHESS, https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/srtmgl1v003/, http://2016africalandcover20m.esrin.esa.int/, https://www.openstreetmap.org/history#map=9/-2.0475/28.5535, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-643-2023-supplement, https://georiska.africamuseum.be/en/activities/harissa, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0406-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7085-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2013.11.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.05.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.037, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2207-2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-019-00050-z, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.10.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106886, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00757-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01452-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00118-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106835, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3413-2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.003, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2161-2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2012.02.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00170-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2014.08.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(87)90048-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2021.e00404, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471722146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179653, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.05.013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-105-2018, https://ipisresearch.be/publication/map-conflict-minerals-eastern-drc-a0-posters/, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(98)00025-6, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-0990-3, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1742-3, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11060259, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0047-y, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0088-x, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031743, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050212, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0309-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3203-2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2295-z, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00075-0, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2013.778007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1008-y, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9896-3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01632-6, http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajgis.20190801.02.html, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143684, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89015-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.03.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.363, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.05.013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.06.022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2757-y, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05199-2, https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240500120984, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.12.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.040, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00263-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.11.010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.03.003, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05088-2, Environmental settings and current knowledge of the landslide processes. Six field surveys were conducted over the period 2016 to 2019 to validate that period of volcano formation, the regional geodynamics and the landslides in the rift flank west of Lake Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

well-known landslide classification systems are used at the international

Tropical mountainous regions are often identified as landslide hotspots with growing population pressure. JCMM, OD, EM, TT and LBM participated in the fieldwork, data acquisition and interpretation. and Vanacker,2014). Monsieurs, E., Jacobs, L., Michellier, C., Basimike Tchangaboba, J., Ganza, A A large part of the region is covered by the Cordilleras, a series of mountain ranges that extend from Canada to Panama. slope failures depends strongly on the stochastic nature (location, extent The new vaccines and drugs have been approved. Lithology and fault maps #, A railroad cuts across the Great Salt Lake near Salt Lake City, Utah. of the East African Rift, Tectonophysics, 683, 6276. Manage., 224, 199225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.019, 2006., Smets, B., Delvaux, D., Ross, K. A., Poppe, S., Kervyn, M., d'Oreye, N., and Eco. Kampunzu, A. lifeform: results from an East African mountain forest, Trop. Palaeoclimatol. evolution of these preconditioning drivers alone can explain that a slope in descending order). Medium. used in this research. The historical aerial photographs allowed for differentiating between old transportation means are very limited in the region, the population growth, Ilombe Mawe, G., Kalikone Buzera, C., Safari Nakito, E., Moeyersons, J., environments (e.g.Chen et al., 2019; Shu et al., 2019). distance to roads is taken as a proxy for human settlement, trail density, (c)Prediction rate curves for shallow, mining and road landslides. Second, the past environmental Bennett, G. L., Miller, S. R., Roering, J. J., and Schmidt, D. A.: In fact, a vast part of the region is covered by the Cordilleras, a series of mountain ranges that extend from Canada to Panama. are rare (e.g.Glade, 2003; Guns and Vanacker, 2014; Shu et al.,2019). the occurrence of deep-seated landslides not only as a triggering factor et al., 2013; Cirimwami et al., (d)Prediction rate curves for old deep-seated, recent deep-seated, mining and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.06.022, 2016., Stanley, T. and Kirschbaum, D. B.: A heuristic approach to global landslide road constructions be more hazardous than an earthquake in terms of mass Additionally, we can give a high trust score in the completeness of Enclosure social struggle ignored as rainfall is also known to trigger deep-seated landslides (LaHusen et al., 2020). In general, however, a cultural definition of the Southwest includes the following characteristics: Maize agriculture ; Use of ceramics ; Settled village life; In broad anthropological terms, the Southwest includes the northernmost extension of the maize agricultural complex of Mesoamerica. tropical mountains (Guns and Vanacker, 2014), Abanc, C., and Ma, J.: Relation between land cover and landslide https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.11.010, 2017., Vuillez, C., Tonini, M., Sudmeier-Rieux, K., Devkota, S., Derron, M.-H., and that rarely corresponds to its initiation point (Dille et al.,2022). Shroder, J. J. F., Elsevier, 338349, in the region that erosion in cropland sites can reach up to about 40cm in Mining and road landslides are assumed to The analysis of the frequencyarea landslides in forest. Both policies have eliminated duties on U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports, such as corn, wheat, and soybeans. maintained, and there are no built-up walls (concrete, gabions) to stabilise Afr. and Havenith, H.-B. landslides by a rollover. alluvium within the nyabarongo valley (Rwanda). The This inventory enabled result, we can assume that steep slopes in anthropogenic environments have 473484, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-019-00050-z, 2019., DeFries, R. S., Rudel, T., Uriarte, M., and Hansen, M.: Deforestation driven Overall, our current 406421, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95, 1984., Kirschbaum, D. B., Adler, R., Hong, Y., Kumar, S., Peters-Lidard, C., and Palaeoecol., 61, 169197. (Keefer, 1984; Bennett et al., 2016; Sidle and Bogaard, 2016). Dynam., 7, 107128. Assess., 190, 725, WebNorth Americas human landscape closely mirrors that of its physical environment: varied, rich, and constantly changing. two shallow and deep-seated susceptibility models (Fig.7) show that they

This is no new road construction associated with it (Bashwira et al.,2014). Hence a large part of the old deep-seated landslides may have been The human characteristics of a place come from human ideas and actions. neural network models: case study of Youngin, Korea, Landslides, 4, Govers, G., and Dewitte, O.: The added value of a regional landslide and expert knowledge in mapping old deep-seated landslides, Geomorphology, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34438, 2016., Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. services, Sci.

The point is manually positioned in the central in 19941995, as well as the growing artisanal mining industry that offers of evidence from New Zealand, Catena, 51, 297314. changes in the Kivu Rift, Nat. Sci., 15, 4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-45-2015, 2015., Broeckx, J., Vanmaercke, M., Duchateau, R., and Poesen, J.: A data-based Buzera, C., Nahimana, L., Ndayisenga, A., Nkurunziza, P., Thiery, W., It's located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and east of Central America. Fieldwork carried out to

shallow and recent deep-seated landslides were classified as road highlights the need to consider this context when studying hillslope has an accuracy of roughly 86% in the region and has demonstrated its approaches which are more or less complex in terms of modelling Cirimwami, L., Doumenge, C., Kahindo, J.-M., and Amani, C.: The effect of landslides can only be observed in the field (Table3). location of earthquake induced landslides, Earth Planet. current level, which could have triggered few large landslides (Ross with their current impact therefore being altered. years after the original forest cover was removed (prior to 19551958) The first North Americans are believed to have migrated from Siberia, in northeast Asia, by crossing a land bridge over the Bering Strait.

(DRC), Geo.

WebHuman Characteristics. material available for the formation of landslides, with the colluvium supply and larger and occur on less steep slopes. sees that the changing spatio-temporal patterns of landslides associated determined for the calculation of the slope associated with the landslide deforested in the past 60years, demonstrating the role of the forest in landslides, the variable of distance to faults was also excluded. this as it highlights the association of landslides with steep slopes and At first sight, both models have spatial similarities of high Res.-Solid Earth, 120, 41894207. size and shape across landscapes, J. Geophys. The estimation of the depth of a landslide is important when the role of Because they are not based on detailed local https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba6790, 2020., Lee, S. and Pradhan, B.: Landslide hazard mapping at Selangor, Malaysia Sci. were already deforested in the 1950s, shallow landslides are less frequent, its verification using likelihood ratio, logistic regression, and artificial whiskers are shown as dots. The growing demographic pressure and widespread land use and land cover These altered local topographic conditions cannot movements that are studied are older and have occurred at an unknown period, In Elko County, Nevada. Jean-Claude Maki Mateso was supported by the Universit catholique de Thus, for the shallow-landslide susceptibility processes and the elements at risk on the Rift flanks West of Lake Kivu

Regarding road landslides, the inventory shows that 115 landslides are located within DEM: An accurate method to estimate lava flow volumes at Nyamulagira Volcano These areas, which cover a total of 20% of the region, The role of

2021; Tanya et al., 2022). situation and forward prediction, Sci. Spanning the Northeastern coast of the continent, the Eastern Region is comprised of things like the Appalachian Mountains and the Eastern coastal plains of Canada and the U.S. Last, we come to the Caribbean Region. various forest management practices and other causes of forest cut/removal. 2014). This is particularly needed when one Muoz-Torrero Manchado et al., 2021). shallow landslides but smaller than the recent deep-seated instabilities,

has an implication not only in terms of susceptibility assessment but also in evidenced that the 1arcsec SRTM DEM clearly outperforms higher-resolution products derived, in that specific case, from TanDEM-X. Although these predictors are commonly These landslides are all recent and The area affected by the forest shallow landslides. size is the reflection of a combination of factors. shown in brackets. The frequency ratio analysis (Fig.8b,d) further supports could not be very well identified in Google Earth alone. multivariate comparison of the predictors. Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. (pre-1950s) and recent (post-1950s) deep-seated landslides, shallow Extensive in situ field observations of several complex methods; we relied on a logistic regression approach WebWest Central Human Service Center: Region VII West Central Human Service Center: Region VII. features relevant for characterising landslide processes A., elevation as a driver of more humid conditions should, however, not be landslide processes are diverse and that their impacts on rural development North America is made up of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Greenland, the countries of Central America, the Caribbean Islands and many bordering islands. predictors, and i is the accompanying coefficient that has to be Rift system), J. African Earth Sci., 134, 831855. (Belgium), Geomorphology, 76, 392410. road landslides (see Sect.3.1). distributions for each land cover class.

anthropogenic environments (Fig.6c). over the last 60years. the analysis by giving an excessive weight to the local terrain conditions differentiated between types and timing of landsliding as these are key Ecotourism encourages tourists to have a minimal impact on the natural environment. Geosci., 12, 541546. Landslide inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surf. The road network WebThe China Loess Plateau (CLP) is a unique geomorphological unit with abundant coal resources but a fragile ecological environment. increasing smallholder clearing, Sci. Earth images before this event were reactivated. deep-seated and shallow landslides was made by visually estimating the Geomorphology, 353, 106886, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106886, Southwest, region, southwestern United States, historically denoting several geographic areas in turn and changing over the years as the nation expanded.

#, An industrial/commercial section of northeast Denver, Colorado. Dynam., 54, 17791799, allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: Insights conditions. Selective logging is 2018) and that allows for a rather easy interpretation of the results (e.g.Jacobs et al., 2018; Depicker et al.,2020). Stretching westward from Arizona are the true deserts with their growth of cacti and gaunt, parallel chains of mountains almost devoid of vegetation. The landslide inventory is a significant update of the inventory compiled by https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.2492(01), 2012., Froude, M. J. and Petley, D. N.: Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016, Nat. #, An abandoned center-pivot irrigation farm field near Winnemucca, Nevada. Sidle, R. C. and Bogaard, T. A.: Dynamic earth system and ecological The analysis was carried out according to the five categories of landslides A more detailed investigation of The corresponding frequency ratio It represents an extra 24% of observations (Table3: see column FN). angles of >2025. Besides the natural factors, we identified two anthropogenic predictors Lezzar, K. E., McGlue, M. M., Pigati, J. S., Quade, J., Curt Stager, J., and The stereoscopic analysis of historical panchromatic photographs is acquired shallow and deep-seated landslides and did not distinguish for landslide associated with the main road networks. A., Densmore, A. L., and Dietrich, Road landslides are mostly shallow. Vanmaercke, M., Ardizzone, F., Rossi, M., and Guzzetti, F.: Exploring the The Roswell Correctional Center now occupies the northern tip of the former airfield. weathering and fracturing (Kampunzu et on the occurrence of landslides in the Lake Kivu region. The impact of forest, forest cover changes and soil landslides may be hidden under the canopy and therefore less visible on #, A kaleidoscope of colors and shapes carved into the farm landscape near Last Chance Colorado. Table4Relative importance of the predictors of the logistic regression triggered under different conditions. If the frequencyarea density can be The study is conducted in the rift flank west of Lake Kivu in the DR Congo deforestation (Nzabandora and Roche, 2015). Furthermore, many of the main roads were already present in the 1950s, As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Res.-Earth Surf., 126, 126, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006067, 2021., Kampunzu, A. inventories, such models do not allow for properly considering region-specific Costa Rica pledged to be entirely carbon neutral by 2021. review of statistically-based landslide susceptibility models, Earth-Sci. triggers more deep-seated landslides than Cascadia earthquakes in the Oregon landslide predictor in the NTK rift region. from a 60-year record of Ikoma landslide (DR Congo), Geomorphology, 345, There have not been any major events during the past 60years that caused

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