[52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. This is a trusted computer. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. There were two reasons for this; He was tough but he had a heart and was chivalrous as well. [24] Following this patrol, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 17 December. Comes with leather case. [17], Kretschmer was promoted to Kapitnleutnant (Lieutenant/Lieutenant Senior Grade) on 1 June 1939.[9]. 3099067 From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. In the following, the amplitude of the wave vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination will be useful. Death: November 08, 1981 (85) Millicent, South Australia, Australia. [66], On 16 March 1941 Kretschmer attacked Convoy HX 112. Immediate Family: Son of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer. Why? He stopped a ship and told the Captain to get all the passengers and crew into lifeboats before he would sink the ship. The small freighter was carrying pulp and Ferrochrome. Con su legendario submarino Tipo VII, el U-99, se apunt desde Septiembre de 1.939 hasta Marzo de 1.941, 47 barcos hundidos con un total de 274.333 toneladas. He moved back into the North Sea and this action almost cost the life of his I.W.O., Adalbert Schnee, who later commanded U-201. 2.6K views, 39 likes, 4 loves, 2 comments, 23 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from German U-Boats Crews and Commanders: Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was the most successful German. [72], Once in London, Royal Navy interrogators questioned the crew. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. [22], The fourth patrol (19 November) was unsuccessful. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Click on the prints to see their descriptions. His particularly brazen and risky innovation was to execute these night surface attacks inside the convoy. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. [14] U-35 returned to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships were sunk. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. "[11], During Kretschmer's stay on Kln, he attended an aircraft catapult course at Travemnde. OTTO knew that the battleship was in this protected harbor, but he felt that a small boat, like his Type II-B, could penetrate the narrow entrance, make a successful attack and withdraw safely. His brother was later killed in action. Kretschmer's strength was evidently failing in the cold ocean; his own rescue was at the hands of a British sailor who climbed down the nets and plucked him from the water. Three days later he departed for his seventh war patrol. OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat ( dugout canoe ), U-23. Petersen had served as Kretschmer's helmsman on every war patrol on both U-23 and U-99. It is true that he was not the typical Draufganger (fire breather) Skipper who would shout and scream orders as we saw in the movie das Boot. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941", Newspaper clippings about Otto Kretschmer, Telegraph On-line edition, February 4, 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kretschmer&oldid=1125960308, Efficient lookouts are of prime importance, It is essential not simply to spot the target, but to spot it in good time, Lone ships should be attacked on the surface with gunfire in order to save expensive torpedoes, Survivors should be assisted when possible, Convoys should be attacked in daylight only if it is not feasible to wait for nightfall, Attack at night from the dark side of the convoy, so that the target is silhouetted and the submarine is in shadow, When there is little or no moonlight, attack from the windward side (to avoid a visible white bow-wave when motoring into the wind), Fire one torpedo per target, not fanned salvoes, Once an attack is launched, do not submerge except in circumstances of dire necessity. Schnee had the con and OTTO was in his bunk. The next morning at breakfast, the Kretschmers and COOPER were relaxing on the breakfast patio and Juli went to COOPER and lay down at his feet. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. [20] Another neutral Scandinavian ship was sunk. Registered in England & Wales No. With this result, Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has reached . [19] A second patrol (921 September) yielded no success either. Chivalry was still at work at this time and former enemies who had been killing each other the previous day could play cards together. Kretschmer sank more than 40 ships during the war, This painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking. After the completion of his submariner training he was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (senior-sub lieutenant/Lieutenant Junior Grade)[12] on 1 June 1936. Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. "He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. Shortly after he surrendered, OTTO KRETSCHMER fell asleep in an overstuffed chair in the Captains cabin on HMS WALKER. The main area of operations were the seas and estuaries off East of England and Scotland, with mine-laying operations in the Baltic, to counter the Royal Navy Submarine Service at the end of 1939. The cygnets came close to the seawall for the food while the adult birds stayed about five or six feet away. [50] 51 men died aboard Laurentic, 367 survived. 1) Black Otto Walter no.12.507.- prismen glaser8x40 reflexfreie on right side. This was not the case with U-99. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes . He assumed most of the crew went down with the ship; but there were 159 survivors. The ship sank slowly. When U-23 was stabilized at her depth and the sound man could no longer hear any noises of the other boat, they came to periscope depth, confirmed that all was safe, and KRETSCHMER was ready to begin the hopeless task of looking for Schnees body. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. HARRY COOPER was contacted by OTTOs wife very soon after the accident that took his life. BACK TO ADVISORS PAGE. Comes with leather case and all lens protectors.- 3) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics. After the war he served in the German Federal Navy, from which he retired in 1970 with the flag rank of commodore. He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. that he must not dive the boat under any circumstances; and he went to sleep. [9] Kretschmer's first operational experience on a submarine was as a lieutenant on the U-35 in 1937 as first watch officer under the command of Klaus Ewerth and then Hans-Rudolf Rsing. After a running convoy battle in which KRETSCHMER did not sleep for two days straight, he exhausted his torpedoes and set course for home. His nickname Silent Otto referred to his ability to remain undetected and his reluctance to provide the regular radio reports required by Dnitz: he had guessed that the Allies had broken German codes. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). Kretschmer continued to search for stragglers and found SS Holmlea. Remember that on the surface it is easier for you to spot the enemy than for the enemy to spot you, Dive only for two hours before dawn each day, to rest the crew, sweep with sound detection equipment, etc. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. The single torpedo attack killed 11 men. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. OTTO reached into the torrent, grabbed the lanyard and slammed the hatch but where was Schnee? 19 men were killed in the sinking; only two were saved. [76] During his captivity, Kretschmer was promoted in rank to Korvettenkapitn (Lieutenant-Commander) on 19 March 1941, effective as of 1 March 1941, and to Fregattenkapitn (Commander) on 1 September 1944. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. [47] The following month, Kretschmer formed part of the pack that attacked and devastated Convoy SC 7. [77] Kretschmer was senior officer at the camp. At the Indienststellung (commissioning) of U-99. Por todo ello y entre otras, recibi He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. She had been married before, to a doctor who was killed in action with the Afrika Korps. Kretschmer ordered his U-boat to be turned around, and they rescued the lone sailor. I am grateful to the late Horst Bredow and Peter Monte at the Deutsches U-Boot-Museum for providing access to the unpublished records of U23 and U99. There, they would meet a German U-boat to take them back to Germany. Otto had 4 siblings: Cecilie Hulda and 3 other siblings. Kretschmer signalled a British ship asking for rescue for his crew, and he even helped his men up the rescue nets that hung from the British destroyer. The OKM was established as the supreme command of the navy responsible for all facets of naval warfare. He was given the opportunity to convey his opinions on the state of the U-boat war. OTTO peered over the top of his newspaper and said;Juli is happy. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. They fought Canadian troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses. U-99 tried in vain to assist Prien in U-47, against OB290. 1999-2020 Sharkhunters International. [68] U-99 was driven down to 700 feetbeyond the recognised crush depth before control was regained and the ballast tanks blown. Kretschmer sank one and damaged twowhich he and Prien dispatched the following day. Three of his men were lost, but Kretschmer and the remainder of U-99's crew were captured. He was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before being sent to Canada. Our DVD-56 features OTTO KRETSCHMER and you may get a glimpse of that DVD click here: SCENE 1 SCENE 2 SCENE 3, OTTO KRETSCHMER was with us for several of our Patrols in Germany and also in the USA. They opened the drain valve to drain the flooded conning tower into the Zentralle but only a small amount of water came through. [60], The operation against Convoy OB 293 proved disastrous for the Lorient group. Prien achieved several sinkings, Kretschmer did not; the pair was chased off by destroyers. Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER knew OTTO KRETSCHMER better than any other researcher and the two men were good friends. In this work, Kretschmers success is appraised through the analysis of the key characteristics of his attacks, and the conditions of the battlefield in which he operated. Six months later, on 15 December, he officially became Flottillenadmiral. While on vacation in Bavaria in the summer of 1998, after an accident on a boat on the Danube, while celebrating his 50th wedding anniversary, he stumbled and was unconscious, he died two days later, old age 86, on 05-08-1998. [53] In December Kretschmer tried to intercept Convoy HX 90 but encountered only stragglers. , 4,996GRT, was sunk on 22 February. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. Otto Kretschmer was the Watch Officer of U-35 from 03 November 1936 - 30 July 1937. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. [43] Kretschmer hit and sank the cargo ship Jersey City 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres; 81 miles) northwest of Tory Island[44] while damaging three others, including the 10,973GRT Strinda. . There were two reasons for this; Knights Cross with Oak Leaf and Crossed Swords, There would be nine diamonds forming the Swastika, All the time this was going on, as the pair ran, Why you never saw him with the traditional . [18], In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. Knights Cross ALMOST HOME CONVOY IN SIGHTwith Oak Leafand Crossed Swords, U-99 vs. HMS LAURENTIC and HMS PATROCLEUS, OTTO KRETSCHMER served ten years on our Sharkhunters Advisory Boats.Click here to view the entire Board. There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. All Rights Reserved. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . Kretschmer was transferred to the training ship Niobe (1 July 1930 9 October 1930), attaining the rank of Seekadett (cadet) on 9 October 1930 before embarking on a 14-month stay on board the cruiser Emden (10 October 1930 4 January 1932), which took him to the Far East through the Mediterranean and Suez canal. The seaman did as he was ordered and brought the cap back to OTTO. He mastered the English language and came to respect British education: its practical focus complemented his scientific and theoreticalbased German background. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. The sound of the depth charges nearby rattled von KNEBELand he dived the boat! Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. El Otto Kretschmer (1 de maig de 1912 - 5 de maig de 1998) va ser un comandant de submarins alemany durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, sent l' amb ms xit. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Otto Kretschmer. I had to surrender my ship to the British Captain and I had to be in complete uniform.. OTTO felt a sudden rush of air out of the open hatch past him and the boat was going down quickly. Kretschmer was taken separately, but his crew had to negotiate the streets of Liverpool and were subjected to missiles thrown by angry civilians; the city had been heavily bombed and was closely linked with the Atlantic war. were transferred off and sent to Commanders School so they could command their own boats and KRETSCHMER asked for battle experienced officers as replacements. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. [36] Kretschmer's tenth patrol (27 June21 July) yielded over 20,000GRT. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. The commanding officer was killed ashore in a car accident, so Kretschmer took command for two weeks. An illegal "Court of Honour" was convened and headed by Kretschmer. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. Kretschmer was soon missed and the U-boat surfaced to find him before he succumbed to the cold. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. As U-99 returns from an early Feindfahrt, we see that the crew is neatly arranged (photo left) on the deck and there is no White Cap on the Skipper. It went passed its crushing depth of 700m, and all looked lost. [58], Several of Kretschmer's senior officers left the boat before the final patrol. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. COOPER returned to the bus, instructed everyone to check into their room then come right down to the dining room for the evening meal. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served aboard the light cruiser Emden. There are as many reports, theories, and wild-eyed guesses as there are forums on the Internet most of which are pure speculation and fiction. It was not this way with U-99. Kretschmer achieved good results in mathematics and chemistry and passed his Abitur (school-leaving certificate) at 17. The U-boot commanded by Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has sunk the two British auxiliary cruisers H.M.S. 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