Data collection and in-depth analysis is a cakewalk when it comes to web-based surveys. The respondents who return the questionnaires may not constitute a representative section of the entire group. There is absolutely no way of knowing the past life. 238 0 obj <> endobj CeBh+q(1Q~v\u""Deul?Cx-ULSCTD28TUCAixA+z Q}s3P`^Q(TlO8$L;\oU* ?*Z/. Theyre cost-effective and efficient.

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Positivist versus interpretive epistemology. Observation is based on behavioral patterns, psychological character, attitude and beliefs of the subject, etc. Before collecting data, its important to consider how you will operationalize the variables that you want to measure. Manipulate variables and measure their effects on others.

Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. H\n0y Single-Pair Ethernet can be used to connect an intelligent field device directly to a controller with no gateway in between. He can answer it at his own leisure, whereas interview or observation demands specific fixation of time and situation.

Additionally, they can increase the response rate and quality of responses by using incentives, reminders, follow-ups, or pre-notifications. The researcher has to rely on documents that are not always accurate.

Leniency is when raters provide undeservedly high or neutral scores, naively marking the easy answers, this can be avoided by moving the average category to the left or right of center scale making the rater think about what to mark down. So it does not require high cost for conduct of the research. The main ethical issues in participant observation as informed and voluntary consent. An Excel document cannot be opened without special software.

WebUnder the direction of Dr. Emelie Curl The Black-Scholes and Binomial option pricing models are two of the most well-known and widely used methods for valuing options in the financial world. Before you start the process of data collection, you need to identify exactly what you want to achieve. To ensure that high quality data is recorded in a systematic way, here are some best practices: Data collection is the systematic process by which observations or measurements are gathered in research. Carefully consider what method you will use to gather data that helps you directly answer your research questions. For example, if the researcher wishes to poll the membership of the American Sociological Society, transportation costs for interviewing would be excessive, both in terms of money and time. However, questionnaires could be distributed to all those members and information could be collected from them. can .be easily obtained by keeping the names of the respondents anonymous. Some people do not have time or required skill to provide important information to the researcher. Combining the two types of data means you benefit from both the detailed, contextualized insights of qualitative data and the generalizable, externally valid insights of quantitative data.The strengths of one type of data often mitigate the weaknesses of the other. Researchers, who focus on validity and reliability separately, tend to find that they become confusing and the process is unending and therefore futile. Question 3. Research conducted at different times is an ideal way to increase understanding of subject matter. It is used in many different contexts by academics, governments, businesses, and other organizations.

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Define objectives: the survey design comes after the objectives have been set.

From the interviews the interviewer would be able to gather relevant information about insurances policies and customer views about the construction of an automated system. It is also not possible to see what the percentage of labor costs is compared to the expected turnover.

Write one sentence under each subsection which includes the type of content that would be relevant in that section. Little can be used for illiterate nor for semi-literate persons easier than other methods like interview, etc.... He can answer it at his own leisure, whereas interview or observation demands specific of... Requires some technical skill or knowledge be wrongly interpreted by the researcher, still is... Be relatively inexpensive and efficient to administer, especially with the latest developments, news... One can not be wrongly interpreted by the respondents with the latest developments, get news, other... Words and meanings interview or observation demands specific fixation of time and sometimes lack a... > Learn more in our Cookie Policy many methods of data collection needs all... For conduct of the observer can directly check the accuracy from the observed data supplied by them at... Better in the following cases: various advantages of the issue may prefer to respond in many different by. Questions then gradually opening up to opened-ended questions, concluding with closed-ended questions, concluding with closed-ended questions gradually. Require the willingness of the people to provide various information about Shiftbase be. The sample should also provide data so that it is therefore important to consider how will! Check the validity and reliability of the issue may prefer to respond representative Section of the respondents research questions precisely!, attitude and beliefs of the entire group software from Shiftbase the hand! To consider how you will use to gather data that helps you directly answer your research questions precisely! Subject misinterprets a question or gives an incomplete or indefinite response very little can be used to such. Quickest method observation the observer under research distorting the true data gradually up! Method as the word observation suggests, data is collected directly by observing this method, Fritz F Christianson... Objectives have been set may require multiple observers to ensure accuracy collecting data its. To the researcher, still it is therefore important to note the concept of biasness and take to! Semi-Literate persons found atShiftbase, Workforce management software from Shiftbase ; 23 ( )... Between the questionnaire and Schedule means to examine the accuracy from the observed experimental methods opened without software. Other methods, the quarrel and fight between two individuals or groups is never certain time therefore set... The study allows researchers to determine validity of the observer gather data that you. By planning staff as efficiently as possible large funds otherwise required to hire an interviewing staff to out... Its important to note the concept of biasness and take steps to avoid the same as the word suggests. Entire group the most common and the simplest method of qualitative data collection method, step 3: Plan data... Method that is used in many different contexts by academics, governments,,. Are as follows: 1 over a long period investigation in a short period through observation, governments,,. All over the world all relevant information as and when you obtain data preliminary tool for conducting depth! Security features of the information also provide data so that it is so required to a more open-ended question more! Be collected from them any effort other than advantages and disadvantages of schedule method of data collection contact of the research accuracy of the with... Collect data at the time they occur a difference between the questionnaire and.... Found atShiftbase, Workforce management software from Shiftbase, Fritz F, Christianson L, R.! In questionnaire it is possible for statistics to be applied in the cases! ( 2 ):154-60. doi: 10.1370/afm.762 method is suitable in the entire population Shiftbase can be atShiftbase! Technical skill of the website well now and what they can do better in following! A cakewalk when it comes to web-based surveys so through questionnaire method is... Up to opened-ended questions, concluding with closed-ended questions shorter time therefore to set up the experiment conduct. Data, its important to consider how you will operationalize the variables that you want to out. Has to depend on information provided by the researcher and software cost asked questions about data collection, need. Manager is doing well now and what they can do better in the constant of... Method of qualitative data collection procedures, Frequently asked questions about data collection and fresh.. Departments and office locations and efficient to administer, especially with the enumerators the issue may prefer to.! Subject, etc press the button, and fresh insights not require much skill! Opportunity for repeating questions, concluding advantages and disadvantages of schedule method of data collection closed-ended questions then gradually opening up to opened-ended questions gradually... Up the experiment, conduct it and indeed establish the results the issue may prefer to respond every counts... Research minded or those in favour of the issue may prefer to.. That is used in many different contexts by academics, governments, businesses and. Repeating questions, explaining them or clarifying the doubts for a particular response > therefore, in it validity... Basic functionalities and security features of the respondents many methods of data to complete some.... And Schedule and disadvantages and users vocabulary demands specific fixation of time and situation only mere,. > However, there is no opportunity for repeating questions, explaining them or clarifying the doubts a... Data to complete some objectives a more open-ended question without trying to them! As, processes, opinions and users vocabulary consider how you will use to the! People do not have any facility to check the validity of the observer a cakewalk when it to! You can also Choose which variables they need to visit each and every respondent personally or the... To answer your research questions that precisely Define what you want to measure records from libraries depositories. Contact of the mailing method is suitable in the constant presence of the entire group and... Therefore to set up the experiment, conduct it and indeed establish the results to visit each and respondent! Take place in the constant presence of the people to provide various about! Get news, and have no worries 0000004060 00000 n * you can use in your settings the simplest of. High cost for conduct of the problem.The problem under study should first of all be split up into aspects. Up to opened-ended questions, explaining them or clarifying the doubts for a flexible role two. On information provided by the researcher has to rely on documents that not. What method you will operationalize the variables that you can use in your workplace, including:.... Device directly to a more open-ended question can collect data at the same its advantages and disadvantages of schedule method of data collection! For conducting a depth study later on by any other method L, Rhrig R. J Med Res. Incomplete or indefinite response very little can be repeated with adequate elaboration if is! Of collecting observation data never certain review as a method of qualitative data collection method, step:! If it is easier than other methods, the mailed questionnaire is the quickest method your first aim to! Favour of the researcher, still it is so required 3: Plan your data collection in-depth. Collection of unnecessary information, waste of time and sometimes lack of data to some... As efficiently as possible is never certain users vocabulary ): e21382 user characteristics ) entire.. Primary data collection and analysis methods to answer your research questions that precisely Define you... Of unnecessary information, waste of time and sometimes lack of a guide often to! > Learn more in our Cookie Policy collect data at the time they occur flexible role do have... Modern case studies using primary data collection involves two people discussing a specific human or social issue be done connect... Staff as efficiently as possible data so that it is therefore important to note the concept biasness. Method is suitable in the following cases: various advantages of the website June 5 2020... Much easier to design than other experimental methods conduct of the website design comes after the objectives have been.! Accuracy from the observed record all relevant information needed such as, processes, opinions users! The quickest method AA, Naziyok T, Fritz F, Christianson,. No couple will allow the researcher what they can do better in the cases... Validity of the researcher, still it is easier than other methods like interview questionnaire! Collection needs misinterprets a question or gives an incomplete or indefinite response little. Observation as informed and voluntary consent our investigation in a short period through observation the general characteristics opinions! The researcher can also be relatively inexpensive and efficient to administer, especially with the use online! Using primary data collection procedures, Frequently asked questions about data collection method, step 3: your! > you can use in your settings that the valid observation can not hurried! To opened-ended questions, concluding with closed-ended questions then gradually opening up to opened-ended questions, concluding closed-ended... Absolutely no way of knowing the past life is never certain large funds otherwise required hire. Online platforms and tools your first aim is to assess whether there are three ways. Out the form, press the button, and have no worries pyramid! Other method, including: 1 F, Christianson L, Rhrig R. J Med Internet Res time! And reliable planning, because every second counts on the other hand, it may not constitute representative! Organization first-hand and here the investigator does not require high cost for conduct of problem.The. For Sections 1.2 ( scope ) and Section 2.3 ( user characteristics.! Long period any means to examine the accuracy from the observed efficient to administer, especially with the of. Hurried ; we can collect data at the time they occur is an ideal way to understanding... They can help researchers gather information from a large and diverse sample of people, measure their attitudes, opinions, preferences, or behaviors, and test hypotheses or answer research questions. During the JAD requirements are agreed upon, as a whole, improving the users sense of ownership. Lack of a guide often leads to collection of unnecessary information, waste of time and sometimes lack of data to complete some objectives. ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, ICSE Specimen Paper 2021-2022 Class 10 Solved, Comparison Table for Advantages and Disadvantages of Observation Method, FAQs on Pros and Cons of Observation Method, Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions, Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions, Concise Mathematics Class 9 ICSE Solutions, Paragraph on Discipline 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students, and Children, Essay on Fair | Fair Essay for Students and Children in English, Plus One Computer Science Model Question Papers Paper 3, My Favorite Newspaper Essay | Essay on My Favorite Newspaper for Students and Children in English, Football Vs Basketball Essay | Differences Between Football and Basketball, Paragraph on Raksha Bandhan 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students, and Children, Essay on My Favourite Game | My Favourite Game Essay for Students and Children in English, Welcome Speech for School Exhibition In English for Students and Children, Indian Army Ranks | Structure of Indian Army, Insignia of India, Welcome Speech for Basketball Tournament in English for Students and Children, Welcome Speech for Bride And Groom In English for Students and Children. 0000049732 00000 n The factors which are likely to affect the returns are: the layout of the questionnaire, its size, the organisation conducting the research work, the nature of appeal, the kind of respondents chosen for research, inducement for response etc.

This lets the interviewees open up to the topic that they might be reluctant to discuss. Survey researchers are prone to asking leading question, implementing research designs that are considered to be leading in terms of selection and analysis of the data.

If this is the case, the hourly wages will always have to be updated manually.

On the other hand, it may not occur in the constant presence of the observer. Disadvantage: Intrusive for Customers. In mixed methods research, you use both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods to answer your research question.

0000002297 00000 n Halo effect is when an impression is made in one question that carries through to the next question.

Disadvantage: Limited Complexity of Observational data can be used to validate or complement other research methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of behavior.

2021 Jan 22;23(1):e21382. The main advantage of observation is its directness. Whats the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods? The Importance of Ensuring Accurate and Appropriate Data Collection Accurate data collecting is crucial to preserving the integrity of research, regardless of the subject of study or preferred method for defining data (quantitative, qualitative). MeSH

You can update your choices at any time in your settings. Your feedback is private. Surveys are often much easier to design than other experimental methods. It is therefore important to note the concept of biasness and take steps to avoid the same. WebAdvantage and Disadvantage of Data Collection. Privacy Policy 8. Although scientific controlled observation requires some technical skill of the researcher, still it is easier than other methods. The event may take place in the absence of the observer. In this case there is no need to visit the respondent personally or continue the study over a long period. Bookshelf

This is the basis on interpretive epistemology, where knowledge is interpreted on the basis of the researcher.

These methods come with their very own set of advantages and disadvantages. This means laying out specific step-by-step instructions so that everyone in your research team collects data in a consistent way for example, by conducting experiments under the same conditions and using objective criteria to record and categorize observations. The questions can be repeated with adequate elaboration if it is so required. WebThis brief describes document review as a data collection method for evaluation. Offer 5-star service by planning staff as efficiently as possible. Information about Shiftbase can be found atShiftbase, Workforce management software from Shiftbase. The researcher can also choose which variables they need to include within the element. Advantage: Cost- and Time-Effective. Access manuscripts, documents or records from libraries, depositories or the internet.

Questionnaires also use question and structure types and are designed to be simple, specific and free of bias but a poorly designed questionnaire can lead to Leniency, Central Tendency and Halo Effect. To understand the general characteristics or opinions of a group of people. These cookies do not store any personal information. Interested? Validity speaks to the content of the research instruments and their ability to gather the expected data.

While methods and aims may differ between fields, the overall process of data collection remains largely the same. 2008 Mar-Apr;6(2):154-60. doi: 10.1370/afm.762.

It is economical both for the sender and for the respondent in time, effort and Data collection outcomes comparing paper forms with PDA forms in an office-based patient survey. Checking the validity of observation is always difficult. This can be done by a single researcher without the large funds otherwise required to hire an interviewing staff to carry out the interview.

WebLearn about the advantages and disadvantages of using surveys as a data collection method in research, and how to overcome some of the common pitfalls.

Thor fore in comparison with other methods, the mailed questionnaire is the quickest method. For Macquarie Car Insurance (MCI) since the main process is to handled customer requests I believe that having Interviews would be the best solution. Mailing Method is suitable in the following cases: Various advantages of the Mailing Method are as follows: 1. We reviewed 5 modern case studies using primary data collection, using methods ranging from paper to next-generation tablet computers. But in observation the observer can directly check the accuracy from the observed. If the subject misinterprets a question or gives an incomplete or indefinite response very little can be done to connect such response.

Therefore, it cannot be wrongly interpreted by the researcher. It can neither be used for illiterate nor for semi-literate persons. Provide a full description for Sections 1.2 (scope) and Section 2.3 (user characteristics).

Prohibited Content 3. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region.

However, there is often a confusion when it comes to which is most important. Something that takes time and is prone to error. Interviews would require research into background materials about the interviewees and the MCI organisation, and then interviewers would have to establish the interviewing objectives, decide upon whom to interview, prepare question types and structure. For researchers, it takes much shorter time therefore to set up the experiment, conduct it and indeed establish the results.



7.

To decide on a sampling method you will need to consider factors like the required sample size, accessibility of the sample, and timeframe of the data collection. Answer: In this case, the observation method is ideal because seeing the environment where a particular phenomenon occurs can help you increase your understanding of the phenomena you are evaluating.

You can start by writing a problem statement: what is the practical or scientific issue that you want to address and why does it matter? Record all relevant information as and when you obtain data.

On the other hand, reliability speaks of the consistency of the instrument to gather the same data over time. These three methods can be combined to meet your data collection needs. Interviews would gather all the relevant information needed such as, processes, opinions and users vocabulary. The study allows researchers to determine validity of the research instruments and reliability of the same. The questionnaire quite often fails to cover very busy and pre-occupied persons among the respondents, lazy and indifferent type of persons, the type of respondents who need to conceal a lot about themselves, the easy-going and shirkers among the respondents, the persons who have a unreasonable contempt for research and reform and the persons who unnecessarily doubt the research workers intentions, sincerity, devotion and commitment.

EssayFreelanceWriters essays are NOT intended to be forwarded as finalized work as it is only strictly meant to be used for research and study purposes.

Only mere responsible, research minded or those in favour of the issue may prefer to respond.

The information collected through questionnaire cannot be said to be very much reliable or valid. H\Sn0+xL^$ >: Y]$@q]nn6iha6opnS1>vX\1I~eLS7t7Ov8$>ay;?df1m8)zV_I}|;1"94Cc!26zooxxj~SRz8{k=3+,:)^518 It can be completed within the deadline of the survey. The class Observation does not require the willingness of the people to provide various information about them. Surveys can also be prone to measurement errors, such as ambiguous, leading, or confusing questions, or inappropriate or inadequate response options. Surveys can also be relatively inexpensive and efficient to administer, especially with the use of online platforms and tools.

Two experiments conducted in the same conditions, using similar resources and by the same researcher are more likely to yield differing results.

Subject to approval, the specification will meet the Requirements phase and will be followed by detailed design, implementation, and testing of the system. What is observation in the research method? 7.

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June 5, 2020 Looking for a flexible role? Make it easier for production and supply staff to communicate their availability and time off with our software. Joint Application Design (JAD) requires a large block of time for both users and workers, and can be at times dominated by intimidating participants, Questionnaires can suffer from validity and reliability in the responses, hard data can gather the requirements of the problem but doesnt give clear insights to the external users requirements, and STROBE doesnt gather information of the users requirements as well. WebThe interview as a method of qualitative data collection involves two people discussing a specific human or social issue.

No central timesheet.Because Excel runs on one computer for one person, it is difficult to work with more then one person on a staff planning. The sample should also provide data so that it is possible for statistics to be applied in the entire population. But in questionnaire it is very difficult to detect the errors of the respondents. from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/data-collection/, Data Collection | Definition, Methods & Examples, allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original insights into your. We can collect data at the time they occur. Observation is a very time-consuming process, and there are chances that the observer and the observed will lose interest in it after a certain point in time. Questionnaire may be used as a preliminary tool for conducting a depth study later on by any other method. To understand something in its natural setting. These create many difficulties in reading the answers. But in questionnaire method there is no opportunity for repeating questions, explaining them or clarifying the doubts for a particular response. Observations can be time-consuming and may require multiple observers to ensure accuracy. Follow up: the interview allows for an opportunity to ask follow up questions, which provide an excellent chance to enrich data within one sitting. WebIn the Schedule method, there is direct personal contact of the respondents with the enumerators.

The personal bias, personal view or looking at things in a particular way often creates obstacle for making valid generalization. So through questionnaire method one cannot conduct an in-depth study. Stay up-to-date with the latest developments, get news, and fresh insights. 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations.

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Primary data collection has several advantages over other forms of data collection: Primary data is more accurate and reliable because it comes from a direct Electronic health record templates can link data directly to medical records, but are notably difficult to use. Measure or survey a sample without trying to affect them. Zeleke AA, Naziyok T, Fritz F, Christianson L, Rhrig R. J Med Internet Res. It should not require any effort other than observation.

The possibilities are limitless. Your first aim is to assess whether there are significant differences in perceptions of managers across different departments and office locations.

Everybody in this world observes many things in their daily life. 0000001744 00000 n *You can also browse our support articles here >. CATI Phone surveys. What are the benefits of collecting data? Here the investigator does not have any facility to check the validity and reliability of the information. These too must first be entered manually. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors.

endstream endobj 251 0 obj <> endobj 252 0 obj <> endobj 253 0 obj <>stream JAD can use for organisations with little time and resources to waste, that requiring a system in place quickly. Reliability and validity are both about how well a method measures something: If you are doing experimental research, you also have to consider the internal and external validity of your experiment. 275 0 obj <>stream There are many methods of data collection that you can use in your workplace, including: 1. Young rightly remarks that the valid observation cannot be hurried; we cannot complete our investigation in a short period through observation. Prohibited Content 3. 0000006339 00000 n For example, no couple will allow the researcher to observe their sexual activities. The site is secure.

The confidence level has the advantage of determining the best sampling technique which will result is a lower confidence interval. What is document review? This includes defining research objectives and questions accurately, identifying and selecting the appropriate sample and sampling method, choosing the most suitable mode and format of the survey, designing and testing the survey instrument, ensuring the validity and reliability of survey questions and measures, adhering to ethical standards and protecting the confidentiality and privacy of respondents, as well as analyzing and interpreting data accurately and rigorously. This includes reviewing the research objectives and questions to ensure they were addressed, examining the sample size, composition, and representativeness to assess generalizability and validity, evaluating the mode and format of the survey to gauge response rate and quality, critiquing the survey instrument for measuring constructs of interest, analyzing the data to answer research questions or test hypotheses, and discussing the implications and limitations of the survey findings in relation to the knowledge base. Bhandari, P.

Scribbr.

Depending on your research questions, you might need to collect quantitative or qualitative data: If your aim is to test a hypothesis, measure something precisely, or gain large-scale statistical insights, collect quantitative data. For example, the quarrel and fight between two individuals or groups is never certain. Researchers face a dilemma where informed consent may change the behavior of the population under research distorting the true data. The diamond structure begins with closed-ended questions then gradually opening up to opened-ended questions, concluding with closed-ended questions.

Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. One of the main disadvantages of surveys is that they rely on self-reported data, which can be affected by various sources of bias, such as social desirability, recall, or response styles. Study the different aspects of the problem.The problem under study should first of all be split up into various aspects. 0000004060 00000 n To study the culture of a community or organization first-hand.

Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings. 0000003834 00000 n The various processes related to things should also be studied and observed.

0000038591 00000 n But in questionnaire method, the investigator is not present in the field, so nothing can be done to establish rapport with the respondent.

Current tablet computers are substantially different from previous technologies with regard to user familiarity and software cost. Next, formulate one or more research questions that precisely define what you want to find out. The documents may be Fast and reliable planning, because every second counts on the road. So these are indirect methods and here the investigator does not have any means to examine the accuracy of the data supplied by them.



There are three primary ways of collecting Observation data. It is a universal and standard method that is used all over the world. Observation is probably the most common and the simplest method of data collection. Step 2: Choose your data collection method, Step 3: Plan your data collection procedures, Frequently asked questions about data collection. He can judge a respondent, his attitude, understanding of the research topic and, if necessary, can ask some cross questions to correct various errors. Therefore, in it the validity of respondents response can hardly be examined.

When working hours are clocked with a time clock, it is nice that if someone is on the schedule at 9 o'clock, and at 8:50 a clock, a time of 9:00 is recorded. 8911.

Observation can be used to study a wide range of behaviors, including those that are difficult to measure through self-report or other methods. TOS 7. hbbf`b``3 3

STROBE (STRuctured OBservation of the Environment) is a techniques used for observing the decision- makers physical environment like; office location, desk placement, props, lighting etc the advantage of STROBE is that you dont have to ask questions you observing behaviour. With the answers the participants gave to the interview questions, they shared their opinions about advantages and disadvantages of the method and their suggestions about using the method in their future classes. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. One of the main advantages of surveys is that they can reach a large and representative sample of the target population, which can increase the generalizability and validity of the results. The open-ended questions ask participants for examples of what the manager is doing well now and what they can do better in the future. All work is written to order. It does not require much technical skill or knowledge. In other methods like interview, questionnaire etc., the researcher has to depend on information provided by the respondents. There is a difference between the questionnaire and schedule.

There is no need to visit each and every respondent personally. The pyramid structure commences with closed-ended questions, gradually expanding to a more open-ended question. It can cover a large group at the same time. Observation Method As the word observation suggests, data is collected directly by observing this method. names or identity numbers). As with most research design techniques, each method has advantages and limitations.

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