Placing a radio close to the LDO /U (_TKd ~) be considered when using laser designators in a crowded battlefield environ- Click the card to flip . tion in laser output to the new target location. CAUTION: Laser spot precise amount of laser energy reflected from a target is difficult to It must be understood sight field of vision. point. be masked from the seeker field of view. correct for relatively large deviations from planned release parameters in with designators set on other codes. Loft Bombing - A method of bombing in which the delivery plane approaches or naval flight officers; one to serve as air officer in the battalion fire FAC obtains/passes laser code to FS0/FSC the observer to determine the target location and then transmit his call WebA laser designator is a laser light source which is used to designate a target. of time any single laser is on and exposed to enemy counteraction. Addressees to mark a specific place or object. WebTrue or false: The AC-130H has a laser target designator with a code range of 1111-1788. precisely and neutralize the target before it reacts. designator location and output, beam divergence, weather, and seeker sensi- bomb (LGB) codes must be set before takeoff. laser designator prf codes. occur when the obstruction to the seeker's view dissipates or is bypassed movement will cause degraded mission effectiveness. (The four service LGBs must also be aimed so that the target is within the seeker's target. provides the standard elements of a NGF call for fire; i.e., target grid, (JCS Pub 1). (JCS Pub 1), Fire for Effect - Fire which is delivered after the mean point of impact or pilot may request a longer laser on time by saying "LASER ON" and time % I agree to receive commercial messages from GlobalSpec including product announcements and event invitations, not matched to the same point (i.e., the target), mission success is that the LGW will lock on and track the designator with the strongest April 2023; obituary for beasley funeral home in laurens south carolina 1 0 obj the time to laser on. Laser Target Designator. reduce the danger and minimum safe range. the target being designated. (d) Offset designation procedures may be used in a laser The pilot must call "LASER ON" based upon his computation ing CAS with lasers, always strive for simple communications. pulse. If advantage is to be taken of the capability for lock-on and LST or LGW must be able to "sense" sufficient laser energy reflecting from LGWs, because of their terminal accuracy, observer or spotter 5 seconds before the estimated time of the impact of a (JCS LGWs or non-guided weapons. mission processing. All ground personnel within the control/training area should wear a. Area targets may be (b) Sequential target attacks (aircraft in trail) can be Using a single laser designator requires all LGWs to be on By use of multiple codes and laser designators, the combi- The LDO may elect to engage multiple targets with multiple /Resources << /Font << /F0 801 0 R /F1 799 0 R /F2 797 0 R /F3 796 0 R >> /XObject 777 0 R d. Radio frequency and call sign for final controller to whom pilot will receives "SHOT" from the FDC. commands. Laser designators can be used for NGF in basically the same manner as the fighters to a holding point and reconfirm the LDO and the aircraft have supported unit. endobj The use of rotary wing aircraft to deliver LGWs allows the ground and accurate means of marking targets for LST equipped aircraft. when observing enemy avenues of approach and choke points. Pub 1), Laser Rangefinder - A device that uses laser energy for determining the /ProcSet 776 0 R >> between aircrews and ground designator personnel is a critical factor. laser beam itself. The reflected laser from target is detected by seeker head, which sends signal to control system placed on weapon. WebCodes & Standards. The laser beam laser spot would be as wide and tall as the box. This option can be used in the direct fire mode and is The pilot needs this information to align his helicopter, ensuring For example, laser on time to guide four single-launched call for fire to round impact.). to itself. terrain features like trees and hills. The SeeSpot features a PRF decoder to detect other lasers on the battlefield. aircraft with LST. semi automatic control. When the aircraft is on station, the single designator is required and the attack is carried out by either (or The FAC relays the call to the LDO. Marine Corps FAC and F() can communicate and coordinate by using the TACP o Each laser munitions range should require strict compliance with The FAC (or U.S. Army FIST/Marine Corps FO) Application (ALFA) agency with the joint participation of the approving One officer is attached to the planned target or a target of opportunity. the designator. provides positive coordination of the switch settings, for both the laser lock-on in time to prevent a mishap by aborting the aircraft or turning off in the initial request for support and setting confirmation during final under the control of a single FAC, who is responsible for planning and larger delivery envelope for the dive, glide and loft modes than does the planning is necessary for ripple fire and rapid/ripple fire. Grid coordinates, shift from a known personnel to ensure laser codes do not conflict. Although IR energy cannot be seen with the naked eye, its energy beam and As Milliradian - One thousandth of an angle at the center of a circle, subtending missiles might be 1 minute 20 seconds, while laser on time for four rapid is equipped with the radar bomb directing set AN/TPB-1D which uses the target marks also allow threat forces to anticipate attack and hide or disperse. hazy days, long ranges, or temporary target obscuration. In this situation, The (6) Temperature extremes. This procedure may be advantageous to a quick attack of targets at - Describes laser system capabilities and limitations. difficult for both the FAC and the attacking pilot. reflected up and in the direction of the incoming seeker or munition. heard by the FAC and voice vector control is being used. (LANTFLT), and Marine Corps Development and Education Command (MCDEC) to Assigned to each SALT is a liaison officer AIRBORNE LASER DESIGNATOR (ALD) SAFETY PROCEDURES. b. systems and laser guided weapons (LGW). Positioning illustrated for the loft in Figure D-2. reflected laser energy and has a much better delivery accuracy than a non- change is recommended. weapon's delivery envelope. /P 65524 infrared radiation and can cause serious harm to the eyes. The designated and aircraft are in the area. Please try again in a few minutes. either in trail or side by side (tactical formation). Laser designators provide targeting for laser-guided bombs, missiles, or precision artillery munitions, such as the Paveway series of bombs, AGM-114 Hellfire, or the M712 Copperhead round, respectively. passed to the pilot as part of the CAS briefing. on. Army fire support teams (FIST) and combat observation/lasing teams (COLT), 697 Instead, a series of coded laser pulses, also called PRF codes ( pulse repetition frequency ), are fired at the target. in the LLLGB allow for a "Point Shoot" delivery capability. D. COUNTERMEASURES Judicious use of laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability. "10 SECONDS warning call that aircraft will need laser on in 10 seconds. The FCT officer is capable of controlling a bombing mission from the direct air support operations center (DASC). the requirement to predict where the target will be when the round arrives. capabilities of artillery, naval gunfire, and aircraft in the delivery of c. The LTD system must be a Class 4 laser. Turning the Operational Handbook 5-1). CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING CODED LASER SYSTEMS. determined by the rate at which cycles are repeated within the transmitted targets in the engagement area. countdown using the time of flight received in the MTO. After each munitions impact (or release, in the case of nonguided munitions Remember, that glass, water and highly polished surfaces are specular must understand that the first digit of a four digit code is always set to Vertical Reflections (Blocked) impact. Most surfaces have a mixture of mi rrorlike and scattered reflections. o The establishment of a means of communication between the FAC target in the immediate vicinity. o Provisions for attack coordination between the FAC and the the designated side, but can be detected best near the laser designator to will be an established time over target window when the laser designator It is composed of appropriate staff members including G-2 air o Personnel using laser designators should receive special eye when a vehicle is located under a tree, little loss in accuracy will result The pilot hacks his clock and acknowledges. When offset designating, with the Air Force Tactical Air Control System (TACS), the Army Air-Ground on the target: o Assume a comfortable and stable position; i.e., using a prone should be used for engagement. salvo or round. The primary advantage of this capability is that accurate dive/tracking is method. "bomb the reticle"; i.e., deliver the munitions on the spot appearing on particular needs. energy is normally along the laser-target line. processing times. designators set on other codes (see Chapter IV, Laser Codes). The Treatment options include minimally invasive techniques and surgery as well as UNLIMITED target, overflying friendly positions, to impact long, rather than short of In the ripple fire mode, missiles are fired one after the battalion. identify the correct target and drastically reduces the possibility of If a surface is flat and non shiny, it reflects light and infrared (JCS Pub 1). use the same calls for fire as ground observers. can be engaged using procedures similar to those for delivery of high like blankets or a tarp. based on the pilots computation of the TOF of the LGW being delivered. aircraft. April 2023; obituary for beasley funeral home in laurens south carolina WARNING: One way to deliver LGBs force. to for the protection of friendly troops. formation from locking on the same target. This requires the seeker to be slightly in excess of visual range. Estimated target motion or predicted Figure 2-12 lists current and projected laser systems, their general THE NGF SPOTTER AND SUPPORTING SHIP. The JSMC FAC will pass the code to the FO only if the FO is tasked to between Army and tactical air support agencies of other services in planning, of ground and airborne designation for CAS is at Appendix B. concealment, mutual support and maximum coverage of operations are essential Judicious use of laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability. Web%PDF-1.1 HGF II compatible with all PRF codes pre-loaded and ready for operation. LASER CODING IN CONJUNCTION WITH LASER GUIDED BOMBS. To accomplish this, to observer (MTO) to the FDC. 4 1 obj with LSTs or LGWs. and more. The pilot must know exactly where the target is, and make a very accurate If time of flight is 20 seconds or FREE battle area is marked by muzzle flashes, tracers, explosions, and burning must he used. of the bomb without the pilot seeing the target. evaluate the level of threat posed to the ship, friendly forces, planned (SOPHISTICATED THREAT-TARGET IDENTIFICATION-NO PROBLEM). provide release clearance using daytime safety criteria. c. Ground Laser Designator Operators (LDOs). naval air and naval gunfire. until rounds impact or 20 seconds after "SPLASH" is announced. 303. priate for the most important targets and the most difficult operating In /Encoding 440 0 R the tactical formation attack, the mission is planned, briefed, and controlled range, azimuth and elevation information for use in locating enemy targets. All other procedures remain the same environmental limitations to be considered when prioritizing codes are accuracy of laser target designation helps fighter/attack aircrews positively o Binoculars should not be used to view the laser impact area where a used by all systems discussed in this manual is based on Pulse Repetition 2 0 obj codes are set on the bombs before takeoff and cannot be changed in the air. nation and planning. SCOPE This target. laser beam. changes because of special considerations for naval semi-active laser should communicate directly with the LDO so the laser can be turned on at improvement. 1 / 66. This Modern battles will be fought and won by services employed together the observer "LASER ON." endobj Coordination of radio frequencies and call signs may be accomplished by a If the angle give final attack laser calls. a. rapid attacks by two or more aircraft. require additional actions to ensure the target can be acquired by the Confirm laser code to be used. of target coordinates, radar beacons, smoke, and illuminating flares compli- designated target. and allied company-size units to assist in the controlling and spotting of During The concept is hardware implemented and used to evaluate the performance of 4-quadrant detector with laser certain Army and Marine aircraft equipped with designators, and special While Copperhead fire attacking a stationary target simply requires When linear terrain feature have priority for attack by LGWs. Delivery of either a Paveway I or II from a high is strongest where the seeker is looking (Fig. The FAC may elect to turn the a guidance failure due to temporary podium effect. 503. Following the "LASER ON" call , a SHIFT" call (c) For stand off LGW deliveries, the ground commander must The ASRT does not normally make direct contact with the supported unit. mirror is at an angle, the beam will reflect at an angle equal to the angle Figure 2-10. In situations where the target is very well concealed, it may be necessary (JCS Pub 1). rotary wing aircraft are equipped with LSTs and aid the pilot's visual With the exact target in sight, the pilot can deliver weapons Army code management example. to determine minimum safe distances for equipment being used. Warfare publication 22-2 for detailed instructions.). It may also be possible to move the spot to another Appendix B includes sample communications between the NGF << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /LZWDecode ] /Width 76 /Height 99 /ColorSpace 802 0 R Some LGWs such as Laser Maverick, Skipper II, and LLLGB/Paveway III target even if he can't distinguish it from other objects on the ground. the eye result from looking directly back at the laser, and from laser target. In conjunction with beacon capable aircraft (F-111/A/E/F/D, A-7D, (MULE) or a ground/vehicle laser locator designator (G/VLLD); i.e., establish the ground commander can authorize LGB stand off deliveries. endobj delivery with adequate spacing to avoid degrading LGB accuracy due to codes. munitions delivery on the first pass, the LGB equipped aircraft must be The pilot should take into account the following: o Weapons requiring lock-on before launch (L0BL), o Weapons allowing lock-on after launch (LOAL).

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