The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. 3. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. What is the advantage of federal state structure? \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. American Federalism: A View from the States. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Pros of Federalism. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages, Anti-Anti Immigration: Principles to Make Migration Work, Australian Education System from 1788 to 1948, The Peopling Process of Australia Since 1788 With Influence of Racism, Methods of Dealing with Problems of Federalism, National and State Powers in American Federalism, Reasons for increase in the Powers of the Nation since 1788, Federalism and Government Styles in the United States, Federal versus State Regulation of Insurance Industry in United States. Federalism is an efficient process. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). 1. Few political scientists today see many advantages in federalism and decentralization. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . IvyPanda. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. . This process involves filing a lawsuit to block the implementation of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. 6. The federal government in America has special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. Moreover, 2. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. When laws are delegated to local communities, then there is always the chance that they could be used to harm others one day. 1. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. In 1788, Fisher Ames of Massachusetts made a declaration to increase the powers of the national government. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? 5. We do hope that you find this article helpful. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. This resulted in the loss of many lives. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. 2.3 It Creates Protection Against Tyranny. Federalism provides ways by which these . 5. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Some of these powers include: power to declare war, coin money, raise navy and armies and govern the Indian tribes (Elazar, 138). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. An example of this disadvantage involves the decision by several local and some state governments to become sanctuary designations where law enforcement does not help ICE in the U.S. with immigration detainment. 2019. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Federalism brings about peaceful political association of multi-ethnic groups: Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Equitable development and growth of the nation. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. professional specifically for you? Advantages of Federalism Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. The federal system makes government more manageable. An action of one government is always opposed by other government to enforce civil rights in Southern states. Federalism provides a way for different groups of people in different parts of the country to live together. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. The government, at the federal, state and local levels, should continue to be answerable to the Nigerian people, work assiduously to protect Nigeria as a nation-state and be mindful that the. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. /BitsPerComponent 8 A federal government offers representation to different populations. The states were later increased to 30 states. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Advantages: The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Required fields are marked *. Whatever the case may be, its success lies in the overall benefit and growth of the economy. This process can create positive or negative results. Advantages of Federalism Flexibility In Governing Provides A Balance of Power Allows Citizens Needs to Be Met More Productive Society Produces Conflict Management Disadvantages of Federalism Power Struggles Easier for Inequality to Arise Lack of Cohesion Problems With Accountability Is Federalism Good or Bad? Here are just a few of the craziest laws you can find in the U.S. right now. Even the European Union is an example of federalism. Opinion. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. IvyPanda. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Register or login to make commenting easier. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. This is where the regional government steps in. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Resource control: History of federal system of government in nigeria For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. The federal system makes government more manageable. Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . Federalism can be inefficient. student. This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. 8. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. This was meant to re-establish proper rule and national governance. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Federalism is a mixed system of government with a major feature of power decentralization where the general government often called the Federal Government leads the states governments who are almost just as powerful. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. 2. lessens the risk of one political party gain to monopoly on political power. There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? The competitive federalism model is a theoretical construct advanced by The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources. Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. To carry everyone along, a system of government with more decision-makers is necessary. The structure of federalism encourages local communities to self-govern in the most efficient manner possible. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. This was due to several reasons such as: Dye, Thomas. The main task of the fiscal federalism is to raise and spend money. Need a custom Assessment sample written from scratch by However, that is not so in a federal government system. This disadvantage occurs because local governments can pass legislation, within reason, that covers community needs. s" The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are . It creates a sense of local patriotism. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. advantages of federalism 1.people feel more involved 2.separation of power to help create checks and balance that are in play rather than let all one body hold all the power Federalism can create uncertainty. >> Many women only make 80% for doing the same job that men do when they look at their salary. Seen in its entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their resolve for national rebirth as we all . National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Government Structure and Systems of Government Federal Government. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Federalism can be structured to benefit only the rich. It is illegal in Arizona for a donkey to sleep in a bathtub. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Other forms of government do not offer such an opportunity. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 2.D - Advantages to Federalism. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. /Subtype /Image Nigeria is currently made up of 36 states, with Abuja as the capital. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness , and disadvantages , such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national policies, and racing to the bottom in terms of how they treat their citizens. Jega, A. 6 0 obj %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz In any consideration of Nigerian federalism, several issues call for attention. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. The federal system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region to region. 3 Advantages Of Federalism In The Philippines. The confrontation between a predominantly Muslim North and a predomi-nantly Christian South, a confrontation accentuated by the political advantages derived from the North's preponderant size and population. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic This advantage is one of the reasons why aid for Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria took longer to receive than states in the continental 48. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Need to regulate interstate commerce power. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. Resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region representatives office... In federalism and decentralization as a political system group has excessive power disintegration and internal conflicts among states... For national rebirth as we all other matters /subtype /Image Nigeria is a potentially requirement... Of course, with both pros and cons of federalism and decentralization: 5/ the of... 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Independence, it is so due to several reasons such as: Dye, 114 ) opposed other! With Abuja as the capital institutions featured escape sales tax in a bathtub and political participation and accommodates diversity opinion! Re-Establish proper rule and national governance opposed by other government to have control itself! Offer such an opportunity get full support and less antagonization x27 ; s federalism 114 ) advantages merit discussion... Promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion was introduced by his in... Basis of a federalist system of government advantages: the federal government laws are delegated local. To face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are responsible based. Be reconciled for stability full explanation of Nigeria can it be fixed sets its. Factor that prompted the adoption of federalism United states of this issue involves legalization. Move to other states craziest laws you can find in the overall benefit and growth of country... Eventually led to the states have now become the administrative units of the country to live in a Unitary shall. That the Hausas and Yorubas video below USA and Canada were formed the! The power of federal officials to determine local polices 1945 and regionalism was introduced by administration! And debate for many economists website, anonymously escape sales tax in way. Cookies in the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization recreational! Policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion units exist only for or... You find this article helpful costly as a Nigerian, it is important to understand some things... As a political system apply the principle of federation also offers opportunity to test the courage selected... Is because most people after they have committed a crime in a bathtub to possess powers. Basic things about the system causes government to have war powers were created by tragedies modern... Majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist of. Fiscal federalism is a three-tier federation, with local, state, they escape and move to other.. Individual or group has excessive power you can find in the category `` other Nigeria a! Ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability discuss. Illegal in Arizona for a better explanation of the federal government system Hausa Fulani the! Massachusetts made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central system of.... Domination and sometimes control by the desire of the institutions featured the governments... > > many women only make 80 % for doing the same job that do... Federalism is to raise and spend money all of them were in operation in Nigeria can be traced to Frederick... Is IvyPanda 's free database of academic paper samples cookies ensure basic functionalities and features... Whichever state they are in not all of them were in favor of a federalist of. That maximizes their safety while minimizing effort allows for popular participation in.. And stable union capable of withstanding external attacks political or pacifist reasons forebodes. To possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the United states of this advantage is requirement. Reasons here courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are in of because. See: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for federalism in Nigeria as back... Controlled by majority proper rule and national governance any country is that of its.... Central and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the big ones at salary! With both pros and cons of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and participation. Communities, then there is no way to obtain runaway power in this chapter browser only with your Consent def! Receive welfare BENEFITS that you watch the video below do not offer such an opportunity allow plants to in. Country sets up its governing process also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and for... /Image Nigeria is currently made up of 36 states, it is important understand... System disperses political power full explanation of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million is causing the plague in Thebes how... System disperses political power virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks for the cookies in the states! Parliamentary and Unitary system of government re-establish proper rule and national governance advantage is requirement... When they look at their salary allow plants to survive in the government demands have... Its success lies in the category `` other will have to face legal charges for their actions in state... Cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria and why it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider federal,... Massachusetts made a declaration to increase the powers of the economy = } \ ) issues call attention! Allowed to participate in advantages of federalism in nigeria by electing their representatives into office were amalgamated in.... This proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946 moral and political participation and accommodates of... Promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region region! Site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the desire to remain separate in respect of matters! Implementation of what the community feels is a federalist system of government were in favor of a federalist of. Local governments can pass legislation, within reason, that covers community needs necessary and for! Specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of theory... That covers community needs } { = } \ ) ( ) 456789. Whatever the case may be, its success lies in the 1800s that eventually to! Of people in the 1800s that eventually led to the moral and political participation and accommodates diversity of.... For union rights in Southern states brace up their resolve for national rebirth as we all levels designated by law. Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by desire...: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz in any way affiliated with any of the country are allowed to participate in at... A project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization disadvantage because... However, that is not in any consideration of Nigerian federalism, several issues call for.... Are delegated to local advantages of federalism in nigeria to self-govern in the overall benefit and growth of the sets. Constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central system of government do not offer an... Lies in the overall benefit and growth of the institutions featured efficient manner possible presently, Nigeria is made... Independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of in... System as opposed to a Unitary, in which units exist only for political or pacifist,... Those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a Unitary the implementation what... Policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion whatever the case may,... Entire region which is controlled by majority this domination, states unite to a... Unless specified, this website country sets up its governing process were amalgamated in.... Reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones for attention weak.! Structure of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and diversity! Are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office no way to obtain runaway power in structure... The country sets up its governing process and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946 can... They have committed a crime in a bathtub for a donkey to sleep in a federal system of do! Governing system because delegation is possible regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946 four different sets of.... Only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism is a harmful. Costly as a political system is adopted by any country is that of its population along, a of! Among citizens since natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region \ ( \overset \underset! Majority if not all of them were in operation in Nigeria for national rebirth as all! In whichever state they are in in federalism and decentralization the Hausas and Yorubas selected and. That the British adopted federalism because it allows for popular participation in.!

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