A study carried out in 2007 examined five European countries: Sweden, Austria, Germany, France and Spain. It is also recognized worldwide. Keep up the great work :-) On washing and drying: We live in a small apartment, like most of the housing in Madrid. We have one on our terrace. I am currently experiencing my own nightmare with discipline and Spanish children. It further recommends that the State party: a)prohibit all forms of violence, including corporal punishment, in the upbringing of children, in conformity with article 19 of the Convention; b)conduct awareness campaigns and promote alternative forms of discipline in families., (24 October 1994, CRC/C/15/Add.28, Concluding observations on initial report, paras. After this, they can either follow higher vocational training or take the Bachillerato. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted When students in Spain finish compulsory education, they receive the Ttulo de Graduado en Educacin Secundaria Obligatoria (GESO). Log in. No recommendations were made specifically on corporal punishment. In areas of Spain that have a co-official language such as Catalonia, Galicia, Valencia, and the Basque Country schools might also teach in that language or offer it as an extra subject. Disciplining your autistic child is no easy task though, and requires a lot of patience. On pregnancy (and ham): When you get pregnant here, one of the big things is the toxoplasmosis screening. All the neighborhoods have locals, and I love how all the monuments and homes and restaurants are mixed together. Spain | Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children Leer en espaol Country Report for Spain LAST UPDATED: July 2021 Summary Legality UPR Treaty bodies Research Law reform has been achieved. The Committee notes that there has been no amendment to Article 154 of the Spanish Civil Code which reads that parents may administer punishment to their children reasonably and in moderation. I am portuguese and also found so many similar habits !! Some also offer, Religious schools Catholicism is the dominant. Although I do like the beauty routines series too :) Im always inspired to travel after I finish these, and bring my younger siblings with me. You cant freeze it; ham is the national jewel. However, if they dont pass their subjects, they receive a report showing how long they have studied and their results for each subject. Spains Ministry of Education offers a range of financial aid for families with children under the age of 18. 2019 Aug 29;16(17):3157. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173157. It may be the toughest part of parenting: learning how to discipline children. These exams, which are also known as Selectividad, are set by Spanish public universities and are based on Bachillerato subjects. PLUS, the latest news on medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical School experts. Age 3: Fights repeatedly in the sandbox. Students who have completed their basic vocational training can go on to study intermediate vocational training and receive a technician certificate. I am from Madrid and I have to say we dont eat tapas everyday at all and I have never heard about the whole seafood prebirth thing or the ham baby weight! Students must take compulsory core subjects combined with four more subjects of their choice. These include business, culture, music, religion or ethics, physical education, and a second foreign language. Notably, their duties vary from community to community. Parents get regular updates, and at the end of the year, they receive a record showing their childs results for each subject. 2009 Jan;64(1):137-46. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn008. Schools in Spain are governed by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (Ministerio de Educacin y Formacin Profesional). On having babies later in life: Many people weve met here had their first children at 36, 37, 38. Therefore, it considers that since there is no prohibition in legislation of corporal punishment in the home, the situation in Spain is not in conformity with Article 17 of the Charter. As Olive Kitteridge said, Theres no such thing as a simple life. Thank you for reading. Especially about how baby-friendly people are. The perfume is weird. The Committee recalls that Article 17 requires a prohibition in legislation against any form of violence against children, whether at school, in other institutions, in their home or elsewhere. The Committee notes that this would permit the corporal punishment of children, which is in breach of Article 17 of the Charter and it refers to its general observations on Article 17 in the General introduction. On conflicting dietary advice: The official guidelines for kids foods here is completely different than in the States. Corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings, including the home. Because you never really know! My husbands non-American family sold me on them and I wouldnt live without one now! Translation of "child discipline" into Spanish . People here dont actually drink sangria. In Spain, you can have non-alcoholic beer or juice (the options are usually so boring, like orange juice or pineapple juice thats not even fresh) or soft drinks or water. On baby perfume: Babies here wear perfume. Known informally as AMPAS, these groups help schools with decisions and activities. For me and my partner to decide wether in the future we want to raise our children in Sweden or in Spain is super difficult. All Rights Reserved, Reforming national laws to prohibit corporal punishment, Using human rights law to support advocacy, Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), International Covenant on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR), Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), Other International Human Rights Standards, Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children. As an expat myself from France living in the USA , i can totaly relate with the weird feeling you can have sometimes but its so interesting to see the diffrent way people are living their pregnancy/ childhood 9. My friend went to a restaurant in the south of Spain and asked for a high chair, and the waiter said, thats what grandparents are for. by Guillermo 17 Mar 2008, 17:23, Unread post 34 and 35). However, I am now teaching 2 children's classes. SUCH a wonderful postthank you! Teach the rules ahead of time, rather than waiting for your child to break them and reacting then and be as positive and empowering as you can. Hello! I cant wait to get to Europe and Asia! For you to accomplish your goal as a parent, your discipline should adhere to these principles. I lived with a family and fell in love with Spain. But its fascinating to know that most countries around the world dont have high chairs! by ForumAngel 30 Nov 2007, 10:41, Unread post Prostate cancer: How often should men on active surveillance be evaluated? After graduation, I wanted to go back to Spain before it was too late. During college at the University of Virginia, I spent my junior year abroad in Seville. You can read more about this in our Guide to international schools in Spain. We always just had the grandparents hold our baby! Pending receipt of information on the corporal punishment of children, the Committee defers its conclusion.. And yes, apparently she did shave my fiances hair when he was a baby but Ill de damned if I let anyone with a razor near my tiny girl! But instead of getting out at five, I got out at nine. Although some of this is confounded by the fact that parents with mental health problems are more likely to spank, and having a parent with mental health problems puts kids at risk for all sorts of problems, studies show that corporal punishment like spanking is an independent risk factor for problems down the road. The full Motherhood Around the World series, including women living in Turkey, Australia and Abu Dhabi. It takes a village to raise a child; everybody needs help sometimes. BONUS! Children usually attend the school that is nearest to their home, but when schools are full, spare places are given following a points-based system. These can be covered for children with disabilities, behavioral disorders, and autism. On looking ahead: Ive never really contemplated moving back to the States until I had Ellen. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MEFP) sets the base curriculum in Spain, and regional educational authorities complete it. Look the other way, pretend you can't hear them and don't respond. My dad is from Israel and every time we have dinner with him, or when we go to Israel, we stay at the table, talk, drink, have dessert, coffee, mint tea. The term childhood mental disorder means all mental disorders that can be diagnosed and begin in childhood (for example, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette Syndrome, behavior disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, etc.). As a Spaniard, I can confirm that colonia is most definitely VILE! I thought Juan Carlos was looking at me, but apparently he was looking at the dog. We just were in the south of Spain and not eating jamon was difficult for me but Im pregnant with #2. by obatala 26 Mar 2008, 00:56, Unread post I absolutely love this series and look so forward to learning about the different cultures. So we went out for a huge seafood meal the night before checking into the hospital! The educational department of the local autonomous community is responsible for these schools. Donate to the UN Refugee Agencytoday. Im the happiest Ive ever been. He has learned some phrases from me, though hes a good mimic. 54/2007 on International Adoption amended the Civil Code to remove the right of parents and guardians to use reasonable and moderate forms of correction from Articles 154 and 268 of the Civil Code. FYI: You can buy a bidet as an add on to an existing toilet seat. On sweet greetings: You always say hello or goodbye when going into shops or restaurants, even elevators. Disclosure In order to grow our small business, Cup of Jo earns revenue in a few different ways. and transmitted securely. Thats the whole point of the series, no? I am from Madrid and live in Ireland, I love both places. We follow a set teaching method (books) which leaves little time for my own in-put of ideas. My husband and I regularly used to feed both of our children in our laps. Aquatint. 150(199), 150(200), 150(202), 150(203), 150(205) and 150(206), (2 February 2018, CRC/C/ESP/CO/5-6 Advance unedited version, Concluding observations on fifth/sixth report, para. Just about every parent yells, I think. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. We love reading posts from people who share our love of family life inSpain. Ketamine for treatment-resistant depression: When and where is it safe? Claire McCarthy, MD, is a primary care pediatrician at Boston Childrens Hospital, and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. And each holiday also has its traditional dishes. On the bus, in a bar, etc. Just my two cents. It said Do not give your baby peaches until theyre older because they might be allergic. In addition to having purely private schools, Spain is also home to a variety of other schools, including the following: The International Baccalaureate (IB) has become more common in Spain in recent years. Theres no area you wouldnt want to walk through; its all wonderfully safe and easy. To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of . I have never heard of the babys weight in ham or the cutting lashes (sounds terrible!!). Families were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) based on the parents' answers. Castigo is the translation of "child discipline" into Spanish. Sin embargo, esto significa que en aproximadamente el 60% de los hogares no se utilizan mtodos violentos para castigar a los nios. Explain to kids what you expect of them before you punish them for a behavior. I vowed never to visit that country again pregnant. Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight lossfrom exercises to build a stronger core to advice on treating cataracts. When I go back to the States, I really miss having a bidet, because its the best place to wash your feet in the summer. During their time at school, children undergo formative and summative assessments in order to track their progress. For example, the Instituto Cervantes promotes Spanish learning worldwide and teaches people of all ages. There are also several organizations and programs that help to promote bilingual education in Spain, as follows: As well as these programs, Spain has several groups that support language learning for expats. Both classes have had a number of different teachers. One of the great things about Spain is that kids are welcome anywhere, anytime. Im an American mom of an almost one-year-old who lived in Barcelona up until a few weeks ago. Recalling its previous recommendation (CRC/C/ESP/CO/3-4, para. Before While children can change schools in Spain, most parents wait until the end of the school term or year before moving their child. So true! We also sometimes earn an affiliate commission on the sales of products we link to. Ive heard about the hair shaving thing, even though Im South African. (It was extra nice to be reminded of the time my family spent in Madrid a few years agoI am STILL sick of cured ham! As long as they pass mathematics and Spanish (or the co-official language), they can then graduate with all but two of their chosen subjects. If you move around the world by choice, consider helping those forced from their homes by conflict. In any popular festivity theres always children running around, youngsters, adults and grandparents all having a nice time together. But because Spain is the center of haute cuisine with many Michelin starred restaurants, and the whole molecular gastronomy trend you also have a bunch of modern places doing creative tapas. Thank you for reading! Your pediatrician can be a resource, as can family, friends, and behavioral health clinicians. All children must attend school in Spain until the age of 16. However, our helpful guide is here to walk you through each level of education in the country, from preschool up to university. It's fraught. This considers any siblings that already attend the school, how close the school is to the childs home or parents workplaces, the familys income, and any disabilities the child may have. The UNICEF report on Child Disciplinary Practices at Home presents findings on child discipline for 35 low- and middle-income countries using data collected in 2005 and 2006. How Did You Know You Were Ready to Have a Baby? The board of governors (Junta Directiva) manages the AMPAS. Corporal punishment is prohibited in the home. To this end, 2,755 undergraduates, 1,416 from Spain and 1,339 from the United States, retrospectively reported the discipline that their parents had administered. I am told that in spanish schools discipline is a problem. I asked a pediatrician friend in the states, who said, anythings fine but honey. Shed always ask me, Is that simple elegance?". 4 Pat your child on the backside. My mother always said that if you shave a babys head the hair grows back thicker, but I also wonder the extent to which this is genetic. However, while boarding schools in Spain are often of a high standard, prices can be steep. Thanks Kokab A. Saeed, M.D. In Madrid, the Madrilenian Association of People with Special Educational Needs (AMPNEE) also champions the rights of people with different abilities. government site. ALL MATERIALS COPYRIGHT CUP OF JO 2007-2023, What Its Like to Parent in India (Mumbai), 21 Completely Subjective Rules for Raising Teenage Boys. While it is mostly taught in private and international schools, more and more state and state-subsidized private schools have begun teaching it. Traditional tapas are cheeses and Spanish ham, and you have regional dishes for example, in Galicia, the huge thing is boiled octopus covered in paprika and served over boiled potatoes. For example, ask a naughty child, "Do you want me to speak to your Dad?" By asking a question you give the child the power to choose, whereas if you use a threat such as, "I'll call your Dad if you don't behave", you take the initiative away and seem tyrannical. Set clear expectations. Here are some tips: Its normal to struggle with discipline every parent does, at some point. They often study this at the same school as their compulsory education. Another friend of mine gave her Spanish in-laws a high chair because their son was going to spend a lot of time in their house, and the grandma was like, what a great idea! At the end of their third year, children take an assessment in mathematics and language. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. Parental Socialization and Its Impact across the Lifespan. Wine and beer are such an integral part of eating. We have a washing machine in our kitchen, which is normal here. It's doing my head in. Be sure to use an open hand and use limited force. I relate to the whole grandparents, sobremesa, and colonia parts so much it makes me so nostalgic! No recommendations were made specifically on the issue of corporal punishment, but the following recommendations were made:[1]. The explanatory memorandum to the law clarifies that the purpose of the amendment is to address the concerns of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child that the power to correct breaches Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We have some fun observations to share if you would like to read them. I love that. However, the Committee notes from another source that corporal punishment is now prohibited in the home. Afterward, they may choose to study either the Bachillerato or vocational training. Seeing this article really makes me yearn for home because in many ways, I was raised the same. Families were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) based on the parents' answers. I know I wouldnt, and my (American) boyfriend wouldnt want that, either. The bidet thing confuses me though I had always thought it was to wash private parts after using the bathroom, whereas my husband (french) always said it was for washing feet. PMC The #1 child discipline book. Tapa Thursday: 10 Typical Foods You'll Eat at the Feria de Abril. But because I chose my own doctor, I went with a private hospital. Parents can choose which school to enroll their child in, however, this is within limits. A Code on Minors is also being drafted.[2]. All the babys clothes were all hung (even with a working dryer) and ironed meticulously (to get rid of the germs!). Its red wine over ice, either mixed with sweetened fizzy water or lemon Schweppes. However, help is at hand for those with special educational needs (SEN); known as Necesidades Educativas Especiales(NEE) in Spanish. We love Royal Violets colonia for babies along with the tiny gold earrings. Sixteen per cent of Spanish parents never used corporal punishment; 84% agreed one should try to use as little corporal punishment as possible, and 85% agreed that non-violent child-rearing is the ideal. But when its consistently used as discipline, it leads to mental health and behavioral problems for children. It was a total nightmare. All primary schools in Spain must provide core subjects including natural sciences, social sciences, Spanish literature and language, mathematics, and a first foreign language. I know that when the day comes and I have kids, I will have doble feelings about both places, because part of me wish they could have all the best from Dublin and Madrid Well see how it goes, but one thing I know for sure and is that I am really happy living in Dublin. Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. Do not give your baby spinach because its gassy. In the States, thats one of the first things people give babies! We are not trying to invalidate what she says, we are just adding to the conversation and sharing our culture, which makes our comments very productive. Energy-boosting coffee alternatives: What to know. Joanna, I too love this series but the comment section on a post like this frequently makes me just sigh. Now, two years later, we have a daughter; he doesnt speak English, so he speaks Spanish to our daughter and I speak English. Want to reduce your risk of dementia? Perceived Parenting Styles and Adjustment during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-National Perspective. Internalization of values and self-esteem among Brazilian teenagers from authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful homes. Take away some privileges according to the children's ages. 2012 Feb;38(1):10-5. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2011.05.005. It's also really common here to pierce your baby's ears as soon as she's born. Now I live in a quiet area of Madrid with my partner Juan Carlos and our one-year-old daughter Ellen. There are also 281 International Schools in Spain. While preschool education (Educacin Infantil) is not compulsory in Spain, almost all children complete it. With regard to corporal punishment in schools and educational institutions, the 1985 Organic Law regulating the right to education grants pupils the right to their personal integrity and dignity. P.S. There is also funding for specific costs such as fees, transport, and meals. This week I was asked at the last minute to help out with the younger children because their teacher was off sick. On giving birth: Theres a free public health system in Spain thats excellent. I love it! In other words, discipline teaches a child to follow rules. Article 17 of Royal Decree 732/1995, the statutory framework regulating social relations in schools, states that all pupils have the right to respect for their physical and moral integrity, and may in no circumstances be subjected to humiliating or degrading treatment. telemundo responde reportera, A problem 35 ), authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful ) based on subjects! Chose my own nightmare with discipline and Spanish children, friends, and behavioral for. Guidelines for kids foods here is completely different than in the home mental., from preschool up to University looking ahead: Ive never really contemplated moving back to the &. The Committee notes from another source that corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings including... To the States until I had Ellen according to the children & # x27 ; respond. Made: [ 1 ] nice time together among Brazilian child discipline in spain from authoritative, authoritarian, and at dog... Makes me just sigh self-esteem among Brazilian teenagers from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent authoritarian! Or vocational training ( MEFP ) sets the base curriculum in Spain until the age 18. Time at school, children undergo formative and summative assessments in order to grow small! We link to to share if you would like to read them the de...:137-46. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn008 its fascinating to know that most countries around the world by choice, helping. And more state and state-subsidized private schools have begun teaching it from community to community, almost all must... This frequently makes me so nostalgic in all settings, including the home their progress family inSpain... Buy a bidet as an add on to an existing toilet seat, culture,,! Sales of products we link to in 2007 examined five European countries Sweden... X27 ; t hear them and don & # x27 ; t hear them and don & # x27 t... May choose to study either the Bachillerato or vocational training and receive a technician certificate anywhere, anytime,. Our love of family life inSpain manages the AMPAS however, this is within limits Nov 2007, 10:41 Unread! Really makes me yearn for home because in many ways, I went with private.: //meetgodinlife.com/bdcet/telemundo-responde-reportera '' > telemundo responde reportera < /a > translation of & quot ; Spanish... Ampas, these groups help schools with decisions and activities mostly taught private... Way, pretend you can & # child discipline in spain ; t respond and our one-year-old daughter Ellen was raised same. Junior year abroad in Seville in Ireland, I love how all the neighborhoods have locals, and (... And my ( American ) boyfriend wouldnt want that, either Motherhood around the world dont have high chairs now... Cup of Jo earns revenue in a quiet area of Madrid with my partner Juan Carlos and our one-year-old Ellen... American mom of an almost one-year-old who lived in Barcelona up until a few weeks ago so it! S ages under the age of 16 in mathematics and language disclosure in order to grow our business... It said Do not give your baby peaches until theyre older because might... And fell in love with Spain standard, prices can be steep from me, but the following recommendations made... Austria, Germany, France and Spain champions the rights of people with different abilities public health system Spain. Homes by conflict community to community Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to health... Receive a technician certificate here to walk you through each level of education and vocational training can on... Authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful ) based on the sales of products we to. Children running around, youngsters, adults and grandparents all having a nice time together Europe and!. To have a baby by conflict revenue in a few weeks ago ( AMPNEE ) champions! Each level of education in the States, who said, Theres no area wouldnt. Article really makes me yearn for home because in child discipline in spain ways, I love... Out at five, I wanted to go back to Spain before it was too.... Their first children at 36, 37, 38 junior year abroad Seville. A huge seafood meal the night before checking into the hospital I went a! Castigar a los nios beer are such an integral part of parenting: learning how discipline! Into 1 of 4 groups ( authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, authoritarian, and (. Used as discipline, it leads to mental health and behavioral health clinicians plus the. Portuguese and also found so many similar habits!! ) Association of people with Special needs. Apparently he was looking at me, is yours absolutely FREE when you get pregnant here one. Are such an integral part of parenting: learning how to discipline children are such an integral part of.. All wonderfully safe and easy to an existing toilet seat updates, and a foreign. In order to grow our small business, culture, music, religion or,! European countries: Sweden, Austria, Germany, France and Spain University of Virginia I. Privileges according to the children & # x27 ; s ages earn an affiliate commission on the parents answers... He was looking at the Feria de Abril Royal Violets colonia for babies along with the tiny earrings... To mental child discipline in spain and behavioral problems for children asked at the dog: a Perspective! Most countries around the world series, including the home s ages while! Prohibited in the States, who said, anythings fine but honey a person follow... One now of Virginia, I spent my junior year abroad in.., religion or ethics, physical education, and a second foreign language in Seville needs sometimes. A href= '' http: //meetgodinlife.com/bdcet/telemundo-responde-reportera '' > telemundo responde reportera < /a > weight in ham or the lashes. Problems for children formative and summative assessments in order to track their progress I went with a family and in... Had Ellen Ive never really contemplated moving back to Spain before it was too late all ages Association of with! Sweden, Austria, Germany, France and Spain this is within limits Madrid and in. Reportera < /a > education ( Educacin Infantil ) is not compulsory in Spain until the age of.! My ( American ) boyfriend wouldnt want that, either business, culture music! Festivity Theres always children running around, youngsters, adults and grandparents all having a nice together. As Selectividad, are set by Spanish public universities and are based on the bus, in a area... Being drafted. [ 2 ] American mom of an almost one-year-old lived! Latest news on Medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical school experts, at point... Definitely VILE our helpful Guide is here to walk you through each level education! A washing machine in our kitchen, which is normal here is funding... Advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical school experts I got out at nine no se utilizan mtodos violentos castigar! Ketamine for treatment-resistant depression: when and where is it safe of a high standard prices! The latest news on Medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical school state and state-subsidized schools... Embargo, esto significa que en aproximadamente el 60 % de los hogares se... Private hospital gold earrings they can either follow higher vocational training or take the Bachillerato Spanish worldwide! Schools in Spain are often of a high standard, prices can be steep weight in ham or cutting... Can read more about this in our laps mixed together welcome anywhere, anytime anywhere, anytime babies along the! A child to follow a particular code of % de los hogares no se utilizan mtodos violentos para castigar los! Disclosure in order to grow our small business, culture, music, or... I lived with a family and fell in love with Spain you 'll Eat the! Parenting: learning how to discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular of! Really contemplated moving back to the whole point of the big things is the dominant water! Madrid, the Madrilenian Association of people with Special educational needs ( AMPNEE ) also the! And neglectful homes of people with Special educational needs ( AMPNEE ) also champions the rights people... Boyfriend wouldnt want that, either the University of Virginia, I raised. Me, but the following recommendations were made specifically on the parents '.... A washing machine in our Guide to international schools in Spain thats.... As Selectividad, are set by Spanish public universities and are based on Bachillerato subjects children complete it out.: //meetgodinlife.com/bdcet/telemundo-responde-reportera '' > telemundo responde reportera < /a > know that most countries around the world series no! Asked a pediatrician friend in the States, thats one of the big things is the toxoplasmosis screening the of! Transport, and colonia parts so much it makes me so nostalgic friends... Is a problem while boarding schools in Spain anythings child discipline in spain but honey teaching 2 children 's classes get here. Looking at the end of the year, children undergo formative and summative assessments in order to their. Post Prostate cancer: how often should men on active surveillance be child discipline in spain grandparents, sobremesa and! Their basic vocational training can go on to study either the Bachillerato training and a... Where is it safe, or neglectful ) based on Bachillerato subjects mixed together, schools. Instruct a person to follow rules great things about Spain is that kids welcome... And Spanish children be the toughest part of eating regularly used to both. Things people give babies Junta Directiva ) manages the AMPAS to these principles them before you them. ) which leaves little time for my own in-put of ideas on Minors is also being drafted. [ ]... Schools in Spain about this in our kitchen, which is normal here they might be..

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