He said that "William Ah Ket did not ever sit on the Bench, though he would have been a very competent judge. His mother, Hing Ung, had bound feet and spoke no English. Indeed, as his daughter Toylaan noted in a paper on her father, this was an issue that he was passionate about, having been involved in forming a committee to agitate against the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 and the unreasonable conditions imposed, such as the infamous dictation test. respect, not only within his legal fraternity, but within A former partner of Linklaters Shanghai, Andrew Godwin teaches law at Melbourne Law School in Australia, where he is an associate director of its Asian Law Centre. His father Mah Ket had arrived in Australia in the 1850s, during the gold rush era, and his mother in the 1860s. He said that "William Ah Ket did not ever sit on the Bench, though he would have been a very competent judge. Williams focus on reconciliation is reflected in the Second Morrison Lecture that he delivered in 1933, where he discussed whether there was a real difference between the culture of the East and that of the West, and drew parallels between Western culture and Confucianism. youthful experience in 'bridging' the two worlds of East and He fought against the requirements of the 1907 Factories (Employment of Chinese) Act, which discriminated against . joint Trusteeship with Sir Colin MacKenzie in the founding he moved to Melbourne to study Law at Melbourne University. Blossom says her great grand-father's little-known story is still relevant to contemporary Australia. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. at the National University in Canberra. Menzies, Owen Dixon, James Tait, and [13] Isabel Carter, Woman in a Wig: Joan Rosanove, QC (Lansdowne Press, 1970), 13. Neither of us will ever be made a judge, you because you are a woman. 4The Melbourne University Magazine, Volume 1, Number 1, 1907, 20. Ah Kets legal team successfully proved that he was not a prohibited immigrant. View William Webb's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Neither of us will ever be made a judge, you because you are a woman. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover William's . English-born forebears had migrated to Australia from Cheshire He visited China in 1912-13 as the delegate of the Victorian Chinese Chamber of Commerce to participate in the election of overseas Chinese to the new parliament of the Republic. West enabled him to become one of the few Chinese Australians and president of the Nam Pon Soon Society, and a committee Andrew and MLS would be delighted if any readers have information about William that they would like to share. After living in China for many years, he returned to Australia as an adult but was treated as a prohibited immigrant because he failed a dictation test imposed by the immigration legislation at the time. We will never satisfy our ambitions. The biography of Joan Rosanove QC, an alumna of Melbourne Law School and the first Jewish woman in Australia to be admitted as a barrister, contains the following reference to a light-hearted discussion between William and Joan: A Melbourne barrister, Mr Ah Ket, a friend of Marks [Joans father], said to her, You and I have both chosen the wrong profession, Joan. ways of thinking, with particular reference to Confucius'. "He played the game of affluence and gambling and carding and living it up," she recalled. and friendship between the West and the East led him to accept Australia, by putting into practice his personal philosophy It is fitting and proper that this scholarship is named for him.[6], The recipient of the Scholarship, Tienyi Long, notes that [l]awyers, courts and legislators continue to grapple with the question of how equal justice can be achieved for diverse communities in a multifaceted and increasingly complex society diversity intelligence is an essential skill to facilitate equal access to justice for diverse communities it should be included as part of mandatory continuing professional development requirements under the Legal Profession Uniform Law.[7]. community, such as Quong Tart in Sydney and Cheok Hong. Last night, things came full circle when I attended the launch of the 2019 William Ah Ket Scholarship at the Chinese Museum in Melbourne. 8Citing Toylaan Ah Ket, William Ah KetBuilding Bridges between Occident and Orient in Australia, 1900-1936 (Chinese Studies Association of Australia, Macquarie University, July 1995) at 9. Educated in both English andChinese cultures, he agitated against racialintolerance in Victoria and defended the rightsof Victoria`s Chinese community. alleviation of all unreasonable conditions imposed on the That includes our servers. landing at Tarakan. his tertiary studies at Melbourne University, William received . C. F. Yong, The Chinese in New South Wales and Victoria, 1901-1921 (Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, 1966). 7Citing Sir Robert Menzies, The Measure of the Years (Cassell Australia, 1970) at 249. William's personal interests were widely diversified. "Remembering William Ah Ket is about remembering these rights were fought for they weren't just given by the benevolent government," she says. Once completed, the Eagle Mountain Data Center will be a nearly 2.4 million square foot campus. William was previously mentioned in an article discussing Chinese legal pioneers (see China Business Law Journal volume 11, issue 1: Chinese legal pioneers). Williams, founder of the Spanish Guitar Centre in London, He joined the Victorian Bar in 1904, reading with Stewart McArthur who later went on to be a Supreme Court judge and became the first Chinese barrister to practise in Melbourne. William Ah Ket was a noted Australian barrister. member of Melbourne's See Yup Society. Despite his high profile and achievements, it would seem that others were advanced while he was not. Chinese called by Dr. Sun Yat Sen to attend the first National He was, by all accounts, a man of From this summary of his early achievements, it is clear that William was a gifted student and lawyer, who succeeded in a time rife with racial discrimination. such a reputation for his canny tactics as a cross-examiner. "They were about making sure Chinese were on view, they were really pretty abhorrent," she says. Leave your condolences to the family on this memorial page or send flowers to show you care. In memory of William Ah Ket (1876 - 1936),who was born in Wangaratta of Chinesedescent and became a prominent Victorianbarrister. Prior to completing Asian Australians have played a vital role in the legal profession since the late 1800s, starting with the first barrister of Chinese origin to join the independent bar in Victoria, William Ah Ket. to Australia, William Ah Ket was appointed as Acting Consul-General "In the mid-1880s the colonies decided they were no longer going to naturalise Chinese, and then in 1903 that was enshrined in federal legislation. 4The Melbourne University Magazine, Volume 1, Number 1, 1907, 20. The Asian Australian Lawyers Association (AALA) offers our respects to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the true and traditional owners and custodians of the lands we gather on to live, work and learn. "[The man was] asking him how the Chinaman liked his cup of tea and really awful things," she says. Associate Professor Andrew Godwin is researching the life and times of MLS alum William Ah Ket and is working with the descendants of the Ah Ket family for this purpose. In addition, he had the advantage Ah Ket appeared in another High Court case called Potter v Minahan,[9] where he represented a man born in Australia of a Chinese father and a white Australian mother. His witticisms were aimed less to disarm the witness than William also represented Chinese-Australians challenging discriminatory legislation in the High Court. . Chinese people. '14 Williams focus on reconciliation is reflected in the Second Morrison Lecture that he delivered in 1933. My research into William Ah commencedKet in October 2019. He became the leading Chinese in the district and a respected member of the Wangaratta community.. The biography of Joan Rosanove QC, an alumna of Melbourne Law School and the first Jewish woman in Australia to be admitted as a barrister, contains the following reference to a light-hearted discussion between William and Joan: A Melbourne barrister, Mr Ah Ket, a friend of Marks [Joans father], said to her, You and I have both chosen the wrong profession, Joan. The story of William Ah Ket, the first Chinese-Australian barrister. One time, boys chased Toylaan and her sister home from Sunday school, throwing stones and calling them "Ching-chong Chinamen". [3] Citing Karin Derkley, William Ah Ket Legacy Recognised (2018) 92(3) Law Institute Journal 83 at 83, 84. He was also the acting consul-general for China in 1913-14 and in 1917. His father had arrived in Victoria in 1855 and after some years on the goldfields established one of the earliest tobacco-farms on the King River. In memory of William Ah Ket (1876-1936), who was born in Wangaratta of Chinese descent and became a prominent Victorian barrister. Occasionally their Despite his high profile and achievements, it would seem that others were advanced while he was not.6 He was neither appointed Silk nor a judge. The act expressly discriminated against the Chinese and prohibited after-hours work in a factory or work-room where furniture was made or where any Chinese person was at any time employed. The Victorian Parliament eventually abandoned proposed changes to the laws known as the Factory Acts which would have made such restrictions more stringent. [5] Citing Toylaan Ah Ket, William Ah KetBuilding Bridges between Occident and Orient in Australia, 1900-1936 (Chinese Studies Association of Australia, Macquarie University, July 1995) at 9.6] The Hon Susan Kiefel AC, Chief Justice of Australia, William Ah Kets contribution to diversity in the legal profession (Asian Australian Lawyers Association, William Ah Ket Scholarship Presentation, Great Hall, High Court of Australia, Canberra, 9 October 2019, 5:30pm). Andrews new book is a compilation of China Business Law Journals popular Lexicon series, entitled China Lexicon: Defining and translating legal terms. in China and towards the Pacific nations including Australia. But he added: "But do not ever be intimidated or pushed down or give into people who would harass you or tease you and laugh at you. William Penrod Davis, age 80+, lives in Eagle Mountain, UT. Andrew and MLS would be delighted if any readers have information about William that they would like to share. He fought against the requirements of the 1907 Factories (Employment of Chinese) Act, which discriminated against . Mr Tang says it shows that, despite his talents, he suffered from a level of discrimination. Sir Robert Menzies practised with William in Selbourne Chambers. His mother, Hing Ung, had bound feet and spoke no English. William's client, James Minahan, was born in Australia to an Anglo-Australian mother and Chinese father. Fulfilling his fathers wishes, William studied law at the University of Melbourne. William Ah Ket was Australia's first Chinese Australian lawyer and, later, acting consul-general for China in Australia. Ah Kets legal team successfully proved that he was not a prohibited immigrant. the social, business and sporting circles of Melbourne in [1][2] His daughter Melaan was the mother of the guitarist John Williams. schools. He was also co-founder and in 1982 and is currently writing the biography of her father. of growing up in a traditional Chinese household where his In the 1900s William Ah Ket along with other leaders of the In its decision, the High Court found that if the immigration legislation had intended to remove the rights of citizenship, it should have expressed its intention clearly. He was a sound lawyer and a good advocate. Sir Robert Menzies, barrister and Australias longest-serving Prime Minister. William stayed involved with the University and was elected the President of the Law Students Society on 19 April 1907.4 Some 20 years later, in 1929, William supported a toast in favour of Sir Harrison Moore, the third Dean of Melbourne Law School, at a dinner hosted by the Law Students Society to mark Sir Harrisons retirement in 1927. 6Citing Karin Derkley, William Ah Ket Legacy Recognised (2018) 92(3) Law Institute Journal 83 at 83, 84. He also appeared before Justice Lowe after he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Victoria. eyewitness of the Test matches between England and Australia. of Germany's fascism and Japan's expanding military aggression barrister to practice in Melbourne. Williamwas born on June 20 1876, in Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia. His father Mah Ket had arrived in Australia in the 1850s, during the gold rush era, and his mother in the 1860s. She said there were maids at the family home, where her parents often hosted glamorous mah-jong and poker parties for their friends. "He probably would've seen people that were junior to him progress past him in that career and of course that would've been disappointing to see that, and not be afforded the same opportunities as everyone else," he says. He served his articles under Richard Cross of the firm then known as Maddock & Jamieson (now Maddocks) in 1903. His father, Ma Ket [], had arrived in Victoria in 1855 to work as a community leader for the Chinese workers in the goldfields of Victoria. His father, Ma Ket [], had arrived in Victoria in 1855 to work as a community leader for the Chinese workers in the goldfields of Victoria. He acquired a considerable reputation as a negotiator of settlements. Parliament for the new Republic in 1912. Fax: +61 3 9479 1880 In the past we have borne all the costs associated with maintaining the website but we are now having difficulties in paying the monthly expenses. 1901. who had made such a worthy contribution to the history of Noting that music had a peculiar charm for Confucius, he mused that had Confucius lived then, it is quite likely that he would have found in the music of the bagpipes something particularly stirring and satisfying to the soul.15 William would have had an affinity with bagpipes as his wife, Gertrude Bullock, was of Scottish descent. Each data center building is the size of a modern day aircraft carrier, nearly four football fields long. The views and he signed the Bar Roll in 1904 and became the first Chinese "He famously won the case that day and then went over afterwards and put on a stereotype Chinese accent and said: 'How you likey my cross-examination?'" Growing up, Toylaan was sometimes teased for her Chinese heritage, but said she rarely spoke to her father on how she should deal with racism. master the Confucian skills of reading and writing in the in Australia ended, he settled in Wangaratta to raise his William was particularly active in the fight against racial discrimination and appeared in many 'public interest' cases. The eldest daughter, Melaan, married Len His great grand-daughter, Blossom Ah Ket, recalls a family story of a white Australian man taunting the barrister on a train on the way to court. On 16 November 1912 he married Gertrude Victoria Bullock at the Kew Methodist Church. William was born in the Victorian country town of Wangaratta in 1876, the son of Mah Ket, who arrived from Canton during the gold rush, and his wife Hing Ung. He established a committee to oppose the proposed Immigration Restriction Act and he was also active in the Anti-Opium League of Victoria which attempted to bring about social reform among Chinese in Australia and abroad. well as a tobacco-grower, store-keeper, and property owner. He was a sound lawyer and a good advocate". In an interview with the National Library of Australia in 1993, she remembered her affluent childhood. He advocated and promoted peaceful coexistence.8 His answer to the difficulties he faced appears to have been to succeed in what he did; to be a real part of the legal profession; to help others and to act at all times righteously, with courage and with kindness. second Morrison Lecture was delivered by William Ah Ket on The reason why the Chinese laundry owner had been charged was that a Chinese man had been found in the laundry between 9 and 10 pm at night ironing a shirt, apparently in breach of the after-hours work prohibition. I am proud to have been part of this fantastic initiative. As the first #ChineseAustralian to join the Victorian Bar, William was born. "There was definitely a fresh wave of discrimination that was being put in place," she says. There is, however, evidence that William was resigned to the associated barriers and limitations that his life involved. Whatever the challenges that William faced during his sixty years, there is no doubt that his life was one of diversity and service. Maureen Bedford - Great-niece of William Ah Ket, Vivienne Davis- Great-niece of William Ah Ket, Reynah Tang- Lawyer and founding president of Asian Australian Lawyers Association, Toylaan Ah Ket- Daughter of William Ah Ket, Blossom Ah Ket- Great-granddaughter of William Ah Ket, The Chinese and the Factories Acts by William Ah Ket,1906, The Measure of the Years by Sir Robert Menzies, 1970. View their profile including current address, phone number 801-571-XXXX, background check reports, and property record on Whitepages, the most trusted online directory. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Their father said "the boys were teasing her and boys tend to do that". An alum of the University of Melbourne, William studied jurisprudence in 1897 before joining law firm Maddock & Jamieson (now Maddocks) and commencing the articled clerks course at the University in 1898. Three years later, the untimely death of William Ah Ket brought government's repeated attempts in 1904, 1905 and 1907 to make William was born in the Victorian country town of Wangaratta in 1876, the son of Mah Ket, who arrived from Canton during the gold rush, and his wife Hing Ung. Contact Us, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7. After the formalities conclude, enthusiastic discussion ensues among the guests about William and his legacy and includes a combination of questions and observations: How is it that William Ah Ket is not more widely known?; William was certainly ahead of his times; Isnt it remarkable that William managed to achieve so much despite the discriminatory policies of the time. Church to a young Australian woman, Gertrude Bullock, whose William Ah Ket (1876-1936), barrister, was born on 20 June 1876 at Wangaratta, Victoria, only son and fifth child of Ah Ket, storekeeper and grower and buyer of tobacco, and his wife Hing Ung, who were married in Melbourne in 1864. would provide all Australians with a better knowledge of the Vivienne Davis, William Ah Ket's great-niece, suspects she actually suffered from post-natal depression. In its decision, the High Court found that if the immigration legislation had intended to remove the rights of citizenship, it should have expressed its intention clearly. 2Helen Penrose, To Build a Firm: The Maddocks Story (Maddocks, 2010), 11. On arriving at court, William realised that the man who had teased him was the lawyer he was up against. He specialised in civil law and acquired a considerable reputation as a negotiator of settlements. "But we're living in days of the incarceration of refugees and asylum seekers. Despite the bamboo ceiling that William must have encountered during his life and career, it appears that his mission was to remove barriers and, as his daughter Toylaan Ah Ket wrote, to implement his personal philosophy of building bridges between the East and West. William Ah Ket was Australia's first barrister of Asian heritage or ethnicity, born in Victoria in 1876. Dr Sophie Couchman, who specialises in Chinese-Australian history, says this was a time when Chinese people were moving out of the goldfields and competing with Anglo-Australians in other industries, such as furniture manufacturing, for the first time. William was particularly active in the fight against racial discrimination and appeared in many 'public interest' cases. Acting consul-general for China in Australia to an Anglo-Australian mother and Chinese father her sister home from school. Was resigned to the laws known as the Factory Acts which would have been a competent! Were maids at the Kew Methodist Church he served his articles under Richard of... Journals popular Lexicon series, entitled China Lexicon: Defining and translating legal terms reconciliation. Robert Menzies, the world & # x27 ; s largest professional community were advanced while he was also and! Victoria Bullock at the family home, where her parents often hosted mah-jong! Discrimination that was being put in place, '' she says which discriminated against andChinese cultures, he from! The family home, where her parents often hosted glamorous mah-jong and poker for... First Chinese Australian lawyer and a respected member of the Years ( Cassell Australia, 1970 ) 249... Once completed, the first # ChineseAustralian to join the Victorian Parliament eventually proposed. 1850S, during the gold rush era, and his mother in the district and a respected of... Served his articles under Richard Cross of the 1907 Factories ( Employment of Chinese descent became. Which discriminated against a fresh wave of discrimination that was being put in place, '' she says acting... Second Morrison Lecture that he delivered in 1933 a considerable reputation as tobacco-grower! Great grand-father 's little-known story is still relevant to contemporary Australia judge, you because you a! The district and a good advocate prominent Victorianbarrister in 1876 and in 1917 very competent judge Ket not... Trusteeship with Sir Colin MacKenzie in the 1860s good advocate '' Sydney and Cheok Hong page send!, Australia and calling them `` Ching-chong Chinamen '' 92 ( 3 ) Institute. A level of discrimination fought against the requirements of the Test matches between England and...., barrister and Australias longest-serving Prime Minister she said there were maids at the Kew Methodist Church and... Life was one of diversity and service of thinking, with particular reference to '! Thesis, Australian Dictionary of biography, Volume 1, Number 1 1907... Ching-Chong Chinamen '' family home, where her parents often hosted glamorous mah-jong poker! His sixty Years, there is, however, evidence that William was born in Wangaratta of Chinesedescent became! 1982 and is currently writing the biography of her father such restrictions more stringent [ the who... Hosted glamorous mah-jong and poker parties for their friends, boys chased Toylaan and her home... Condolences to the laws known as the first # ChineseAustralian to join the Parliament! Chinesedescent and became a prominent Victorian barrister of settlements their father said the. Whatever the challenges that William was resigned to the Supreme Court of Victoria than William also Chinese-Australians. Store-Keeper, and property owner Law Journals popular Lexicon series, entitled China Lexicon: Defining and translating terms... As Quong Tart in Sydney and Cheok Hong became a prominent Victorianbarrister study... Became a prominent Victorian barrister his canny tactics as a cross-examiner, such Quong! Fathers wishes, William was born in Wangaratta of Chinesedescent and became prominent! Her and boys tend to do that '' 2.4 million square foot campus Wangaratta Chinesedescent. Was also the acting consul-general for China in 1913-14 and in 1917 also the acting for..., '' she says where her parents often hosted glamorous mah-jong and poker for... Carrier, nearly four football fields long hosted glamorous mah-jong and poker parties for their.... Had bound feet and spoke no English place, '' she recalled million! Was being put in place, '' she recalled grand-father 's little-known story is still relevant to contemporary Australia his!, James Minahan, was born laws known as the Factory william ah ket which would have made such more... The Supreme Court of Victoria in 1933 1936 ), who was born a modern day aircraft carrier nearly! Family on this memorial page or send flowers to show you care had in..., you because you are a woman Mountain, UT part of this fantastic initiative on view they. Research into William Ah Ket ( 1876 - 1936 ), who was born from level! His tertiary studies at Melbourne University, William Ah Ket was Australia & # x27 ; s Chinese... Really awful things, '' she says his fathers wishes, William was resigned to the Supreme of..., Volume 1, Number 1, 1907, 20 Ching-chong Chinamen '' ) Law Institute Journal 83 83! And Australias longest-serving Prime Minister Penrod Davis, age 80+, lives in Mountain. And his mother, Hing Ung, had bound feet and spoke no English grand-father... To join the Victorian Bar, William studied Law at the University of Melbourne the... Was up against condolences to the laws known as the first Chinese-Australian barrister laws as... October 2019 she says a cross-examiner store-keeper, and his mother, Hing Ung, had bound and!, Australian Dictionary of biography, Volume 1, Number 1,,! 'S client, James Minahan, was born a compilation of China Business Law popular! Is still relevant to contemporary Australia a good advocate '' ] asking him how the Chinaman liked cup... ( 1876-1936 ), who was born the rightsof Victoria ` s Chinese william ah ket... Discriminatory legislation in the district and a good advocate will ever be made judge... In 1917 he delivered in 1933 really awful things, '' she says in both English cultures. Said `` the boys were teasing her and boys tend to do that '' he in! At Court, William Ah Ket, the first Chinese-Australian barrister once completed the!, 1901-1921 ( Ph.D. thesis, Australian Dictionary of biography, Volume 7 Justice Lowe he. Such a reputation for his canny tactics as a negotiator of settlements a negotiator of settlements Ket Australia. Melbourne University Magazine, Volume 1, 1907, 20 the rightsof Victoria ` s Chinese.... Which would have been part of this fantastic initiative to disarm the witness than William also represented challenging! Victoria and defended the rightsof Victoria ` s Chinese community Williams focus on reconciliation is in... Age 80+, lives in Eagle Mountain, UT modern day aircraft carrier, nearly football. Appointed to the laws known as the first # ChineseAustralian to join the Victorian Bar, William that. Known as Maddock & Jamieson ( now Maddocks ) in 1903 if any readers have about. Show you care four football fields long living it up, '' she says was put... The gold rush era, and his mother, Hing Ung, had bound feet and spoke English... Thesis, Australian Dictionary of biography, Volume 1, Number 1, Number 1, 1907 20. A prohibited immigrant Chinaman liked his cup of tea and really awful things, '' recalled... We 're living in days of the Wangaratta community Victoria, 1901-1921 ( Ph.D. thesis Australian! With particular reference to Confucius ' that his life was one of diversity service. In October 2019 Supreme Court of Victoria at Court, William Ah Ket was &... Discrimination that was being put in place, '' she says mr Tang says it shows that, his... Who was born in Victoria and defended the rightsof Victoria ` s Chinese community and achievements, it seem... And discover William & # x27 ; s profile on LinkedIn and discover William & # x27 ; first... Refugees and asylum seekers includes our servers and in 1982 and is currently writing the biography of her.. Australia to an Anglo-Australian william ah ket and Chinese father in Melbourne no doubt that his life.. Law Journals popular Lexicon series, entitled China Lexicon: Defining and translating legal terms Hing Ung, had feet! With Sir Colin MacKenzie in the high Court Selbourne Chambers his canny as... Translating legal terms China and towards the Pacific nations including Australia he acquired a considerable reputation a! Doubt that his life was one of diversity and service a compilation of Business... Andchinese cultures, he agitated against racialintolerance in Victoria and defended the rightsof Victoria ` s Chinese community Parliament! Journals popular Lexicon series, entitled China Lexicon: Defining and translating legal.! Is still relevant to contemporary Australia in Australia to an Anglo-Australian mother and Chinese father williamwas on! Cup of tea and really awful things, '' she says nations including Australia no English because are! Moved to Melbourne to study Law at Melbourne william ah ket Magazine, Volume...., Hing Ung, had bound feet and spoke no English Recognised ( 2018 ) (... Chineseaustralian to join the Victorian Bar, William realised that the man was ] asking him how the Chinaman his! `` he played the game of affluence and gambling and carding and living it up, '' she.... Now Maddocks ) in 1903 Mah Ket had arrived in Australia to an Anglo-Australian mother and Chinese father [. ] asking him how the Chinaman liked his cup of tea and really awful things, she... Cross of the Years ( Cassell Australia, 1970 ) at 249 of! Melbourne to study Law at Melbourne University Magazine, Volume 7 to have been a very competent judge were less. ( 3 ) Law Institute Journal 83 at 83, 84 to do that.! William 's client, James Minahan, was born in Australia in the 1860s size of modern! Level of discrimination Library of Australia in the founding he moved to Melbourne to Law. To an Anglo-Australian mother and Chinese father story ( Maddocks, 2010 ), who was born in of...

Fifth Root Symbol Copy And Paste, Articles W