The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: The homicide rate over the three-year period to year ending March 2020 was 49.5 per million population for the Black ethnic group, approximately five times higher than for the White ethnic. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 academic year of 2013/14, 2014/15, known to be eligible for Free School Meals by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.2 and Impact Indicator 3.8)[footnote 74], Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 75]. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. , The Police National Computer has a 6+1 ethnicity classification. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. A 21% decrease was seen in requirements started under suspended sentence orders. Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. In 2020, White defendants spent the lowest mean number of days (156) at court, while defendants from Chinese or Other ethnic groups had the highest (199). The total prison population in England and Wales was 79,000 on 30th June 2020, the lowest in 14 years. Caution should be taken when considering the ethnic breakdown of senior staff because the number of individuals represented is small and changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. In contrast, White defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for possession of a Class A drug (22% in 2020).

Individuals from the Black ethnic group were proportionally less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in 2020. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. Figure 6.01: Number and proportion of prisoners in England and Wales, 2016 to 2020, by ethnicity, Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners by ethnicity and age group, England and Wales, 30th June, 2020. The reoffending rate among children was higher for the Black ethnic group at 45% and has consistently been higher over the last five years than the White (39%), Asian (35%) and Other (34%) ethnic groups. Following prosecution (which can include being sent to Crown Court), defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants[footnote 38] in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on indictable offence data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. This trend is similar across all disposal types. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/ cautioned, a larger proportion of Black offenders (18%) had been permanently excluded, compared to White (14%), Asian (9%) and Other (9%) offenders[footnote 79].

From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. Figure 8.01: Comparison of ACSL before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. In the year ending March 2021, there were 5,777 oral parole board hearings where ethnicity was recorded[footnote 55]. In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. High proportions of prisoners from all ethnic groups reported that they knew what the COVID restrictions were in the prison and that reasons for restrictions had been explained to them. In 2020, 79% of crime higher legal aid workload was for White clients, with 10% for Black, 8% for Asian, and 3% for Mixed clients. In 2020, 76% of crime lower legal aid workload was for White clients, with 7% for Black, 7% for Asian, 7% for Other and 3% for clients from Mixed ethnic groups. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. RRI analysis shows that defendants from Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were not significantly more or less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody compared to White defendants, and Black and Asian defendants were 6% and 4% less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in comparison with White defendants respectively. In 2020/21, White suspects accounted for 76% of arrests, 10% were for Black suspects, 8% were for Asian suspects, 4% were for Mixed ethnicity suspects and 2% were for Other ethnicity suspects. Of the 63,100 offenders supervised on post release licence in 2020[footnote 61], the proportions across ethnic groups remained in line with that of the previous 5 years, 76% were White, 11% Black, 7% Asian, 4% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnicities. It is not possible to make any causal links between ethnicity and CJS outcomes. Lower GPRs of defendants from minority ethnic groups will likely be related to the higher proportion deciding to elect to be tried by a jury at Crown Court. The proportions across ethnic groups have remained relatively stable in the past 5 years.

Of defendants prosecuted for sexual offences at Crown Court, Black defendants were more likely to be remanded in custody. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). , Children includes individuals aged up to 17 and adults includes individuals aged 18 and over. Over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned had SEN. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. The HMI Prisons Annual Report 2020-21 identifies differences in reported prison experiences between racial groups[footnote 52][footnote 53]. Where possible, this report takes into consideration the recommendations of the Lammy Review (a 2017 independent review into the treatment of, and outcomes for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic individuals in the criminal justice system). When ethnicity is self-reported, it is based on five broad categories: White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other.

Magistrates: Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of practitioners from minority ethnic groups has increased, leading to a decrease in the proportion of White practitioners, by 2.4 pp mainly driven by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.3 pp) and Black (0.8) ethnic groups[footnote 98]. These proportions have remained broadly consistent across the last 5 years. Recommendations can also be made for a prisoner to remain in the open prison estate. Prior to 2019/20, Chinese arrests are counted within Other Ethnic Group. A higher custody rate, however, was seen in the Chinese or Other group (36%). These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victims, in relation to ethnicity, from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) year ending March 2020 and the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 8]. , Excluding adults where their age bracket is unknown (2 defendants). The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). Over the last five years the proportion of children from ethnic minority groups sentenced to immediate custody has increased from 36% in 2016 to 43% in 2020. This method accounted for 69% of homicides with Black victims, but only 35% of those with White victims. Findings from a data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 70]. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.3 and Table CH2c)[footnote 77]. The ethnic profile of practitioners in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has become slightly more diverse over the last 5 years. This release will include a statistical bulletin and associated data tables. Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS): Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of White HMPPS staff (excluding National Probation Service) has decreased, from 92.6% to 90.3%, due to an increase in the proportion of staff from Black (1 pp), Asian and Mixed (0.7 pp) backgrounds[footnote 96]. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts.

As this data is now several years old it may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population, particularly for children when comparing to 2018 CJS figures. Outcomes for minority ethnic children are often more pronounced than White children at various points of the CJS. The reoffending rate was highest for children across all ethnic groups compared to adults. A contributing factor to the long ACSL for Asian offenders is due to the high proportions of Class A drug related offences. The ethnicity classification used in each section is referenced throughout. Differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation but should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. 2,574 White, 355 Black, 296 Asian, 226 Mixed and 107 prisoners from Other ethnic groups completed the questionnaires. A pupil may be excluded for one or more suspensions up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. In 2020/21, stop and searches which resulted in arrests accounted for 12% of total arrests made in England and Wales (where ethnicity is known). As observed in Chapter 5, White prisoners have consistently received the shortest ACSL in comparison to other ethnic groups. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales.

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This has remained relatively stable across the past 5 years and across ethnic groups. The proportion of offender reoffending by age was highest for those aged 18 to 20 for Black, Asian and Other offenders. When ethnicity is officer identified[footnote 3], it has four broad ethnicity categories: White, Black, Asian and Other[footnote 4]. The custody rate for White children was consistently lower than for Black children (by 3 to 5 percentage points, pp) between 2016 and 2020. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 7], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Individuals with an unknown or not stated ethnicity are not included in the analysis, because it is impossible to tell where they should be counted. The proportion of male homicides was highest in the Black ethnic group (89%), followed by the Other ethnic group (77%), and the Asian ethnic group (68%). As part of the "White" ethnic group, 74.4% (44.4 million) of the total population in England and Wales identified their ethnic group as . , A determinate sentence is for a fixed period of time, and differs from indeterminate sentences that have a minimum fixed period, known as a tariff, that must be served before release is considered by the parole board. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. he highest proportion for Class B drugs (28% in 2020). Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. Ethnic minority groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in comparison to White defendants. The ACSL for indicatable offences[footnote 44] has gradually increased over the past 5 years, from 19.0 months in 2016 to 21.0 months in 2020[footnote 45]. Insight Published Friday, 02 October, 2020 Insight Criminal law Justice Baber Yasin Georgina Sturge This Insight looks at how different ethnic groups compared statistically in areas such as convictions, sentencing lengths, types of offence, pleas and at the bench in 2019 across England and Wales. Time spent at court increased in 2020 from previous years for all ethnic groups and offences, due to restrictions in response to COVID-19[footnote 47]. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of children arrested in London from White ethnic groups has decreased from 38% to 34%, with corresponding marginal increases in arrests of children from across minority ethnic groups.

, Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. The greatest increase in custody rate was seen in the White ethnic group, increasing from 29% to 35%, and Mixed ethnic groups (28% to 35%)[footnote 43]. There was a corresponding increase in stop and searches conducted on Asian suspects (15% to 19%) whilst all other ethnic groups remained relatively constant. However, priority has been given to allow for a full year of reliable data that shows continuation of long-term trends. Whilst the reoffending rate for Black offenders was highest, White reoffenders had the highest average number of reoffences per reoffender at 4.1 reoffences. In contrast, for White offenders those aged 35 to 39 had the highest proportion of offenders reoffending. Since 2015/16, the percentage of adults who were victims of a personal crime once or more, excluding fraud and computer misuse, remained stable at 4%.

Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. The ACSL has been consistently lower for White male offenders than all ethnic minority groups, a disparity that has increased over the last 5 years for male offenders.

The equivalent proportion for White defendants was 27%.

When controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups, a decrease in ACSL was observed across all ethnic groups. Figure 7.02: Average custodial sentence lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences, by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020, Figure 7.03: Age of defendant proceeded against at court for indictable offences by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. Increases in custody rates in 2020 may be due to court prioritisation during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, and it is difficult to know how this may have affected different ethnic groups. When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group.

Switch to the dark mode that's kinder on your eyes at night time. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). The proportion of Black and Asian young offenders, sentenced to custody, achieving any pass at GCSE or 5 GCSEs A*-G was significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders. As such, the homicide data in this chapter will not be related to population numbers[footnote 16]. Larger proportions of defendants from Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups who were remanded in custody were acquitted or not tried (ranging from 13% to 15%) compared with defendants of White and Mixed ethnicities (9% and 10% respectively). The following offence groups will be of particular focus: As noted in the introduction, comparisons across ethnic groups do not account for previous offending history, detailed offence mix and other offender characteristics and that should be considered when interpreting results in this section. The number of prosecutions for drug offences has decreased by 15% in the past 5 years. , Data are self-declared from HR records, as at 31 March 2020; not including figures from HMPPS. This trend has fluctuated across the past 5 years. In 2019/20, an estimated 6% of children were a victim of a personal crime once or more, based on findings from the CSEW. The largest change in the proportion of staff was a 1.2 pp increase in the Asian ethnic group[footnote 93].

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