Great article! We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Of course, the firm profits off of your billable hours given your billable rate is a much higher rate than the rate you actually earn. What kind of projects do you work on? Select Accept to consent or Reject to decline non-essential cookies for this use. A consulting aspirant with a law or medical or another advanced degree better knock on McKinseys doors first. Researched and authored by Shreyas John | LinkedIn, Reviewed and edited by James Fazeli-Sinaki | LinkedIn. *Hardly ever do people regret going on an interview, even if the opportunity isnt for them. McKinsey is the most open among the three to taking in someone without an MBA, and Bain the least. Ut eos impedit unde excepturi iusto vel tenetur. These cookies do not store any personal information. I joined Accenture out of business school and spent 7 years with them. Just for fun, why dont you calculate your hourly rate over different time periods (and if your inner nerd so inclines, you can create a fancy spreadsheet calculating your hourly rate over several time periods of time to compare). WebThe Big 4 firms are much larger than MBB, in terms of revenue and employee number. At Bain, consultants are more likely to be stationed in one office, though they may get a chance to work abroad at a clients office. +Bonus (probably only 5-10% per year, but). Then, as the project manager or sales manager, youll lead the initiative and assign tasks accordingly. Regular one-on-one performance reviews will ensure everything is done efficiently, on time, and at the highest possible standard. PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Based on my expertise, hire a strong consultant better than having a rubbish advices from companies they dont know it well as you do. Did you stay on to make PPD? *Unfortunately, incentives in public audit often dont correlate to the things that you truly value. As an M7 MBA who just successfully recruited MBB for the summer, McK is command and control which is highly-interviewer led, while the other two are candidate-led. But as a senior manager, you must provide an environment where they can thrive. The average pay rate for a Big Four senior manager What in the Bullying Hell is Happening at KPMG Australia? Accounting manager industry: $130K But every manager will have some variation of the following responsibilities: If you become a manager, you will be responsible for a team of direct reports. But with all the public domain references to being audit firms that have piled up over the decades, it might be a while before they can fully shake off that label. For instance, the job description could be too high level or too vague; or, it could be written by someone other than the hiring manager, leaving a lot lost in translation. Source: mconsultingprep.com. find belonging as part of a management team. Read: How I got into BCG and what I did in my consulting job. Deutsch | FR. The Big 4 offers audit/assurance, advisory, consulting, and tax services. Accountant in Fintech w/ 25% bump. It tries to find out whether the candidate really believes in what she is saying.
We may sneak in one or two other similarities, too, on the way. Very interesting article Jennifer! As a senior manager, its your job to make sure they arent abusing their power for personal reasons or overshooting their budgets when making job offers. BCGs interview process for consulting positions depends on the location. A KPMG director who opted for a non-partner career in his firms assurance practice told Going Concern that he was really happy to not pursue the partner track because mistakes are scrutinized and that it doesnt seem worth it to have one bad audit derail your career. This person felt that in the short-term, there were still many senior managers interested in making partner but in the next 10-15 years that could change. In fact, soft management skills are essential if you want to succeed. Follow us: While McKinsey prefers a candidate-led approach, BCG and Bain take an interviewer-led approach. Headquarters in the Netherlands, but they employ more than 150,000 employees worldwide. They make closer to 150K bonuses closer to 15-25K. But these format preferences are based on publicly shared information. They may have the authority to manage multiple departments or lead a single department within the company. You can decide how long or short you want your meetings to be. You start off as an associate and after 2 years you should become a senior associate (1.5 Significant organizational and operational culture differences exist among the Big 3, though there are some similarities, too. Every senior manager will look at their job differently, depending on their years of experience, the nature of their industry, and the size and culture of their organization. The Big 4/ACN are brought in when something actually needs to be done about a problem. WebIf you are in this position for over 4 years you should definitely consider leaving the big 4. However, it is worth mentioning that salary differences can often be marginal depending on the experience and value of a particular employee. By creating this job alert, you agree to the LinkedIn User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Their headquarters are located in New York. Can you share any official page on the Deloitte site where they mention the designation hierarchy? In comparison, a typical senior manager not working at a Big Four company averages around $150,000 to $180,00 a year. Read: How I got a consulting job without an MBA degree. Your role, sector, experiences, and value added to the team all factor into your salary. But if you play your cards right, you can do great things for your career and your team. Deloitte's subsidiaries include: They have one of the higher starting salaries for employees at an average of $71,000. Less stress - reduced blood pressure. Read how to get an interview at McKinsey, Bain, BCG. This salary range varies based on years of experience, industry practice area and location. Operationally, the fuddy-duddy in the pack is certainly McKinsey, with its traditional, formal, and hierarchical approaches. These employees work together to meet your departmental goals, but their successes and failures depend on your managerial skills. *More often than not, candidates interest level increases after they interview. The Big 4 treat their clients much more softly, compared with MBB. However, while the Big 4s methodology involves giving specific, formulaic solutions, examining each client problem individually, MBB detect problems, find out the best solutions to address them, and then provide customized solutions for their clients as a whole. Heres what you need to know. 59 years of managerial experience in your field, Take on a special project and knock it out of the park, Show your passion for leadership and experience in leadership roles, Highlight your accomplishments in one-on-one meetings. And if you suspect you cant achieve your business goals without a larger budget, youll have to make your case to senior management. Once youve accepted that and worked toward accomplishments in other areas of the firm, it may still not be enough to give you the boost you need to make partner. They can be found on theirwebsite, alongside case studies and featured insights. There are also countless examples of the firm dangling carrots by offering incentives which dont add much value to your career at large, other than mattering to those inside the firm. In terms of salary, Deloitte pays its employees in the following general range: KPMG was established in 1911, boasting over 670 offices in over 150 countries to become one of the top four accounting firms in the world. Suppose you are interested in following a career path in the accounting industry. Innovative research featured in peer-reviewed journals, press, and more. Press J to jump to the feed. Facilitating client workshops and presenting to clients both in a business development context and as part of project deliverables; Business development includes development of business relationships with senior external client stakeholders at executive level, e.g. The better they are at managing their teams, the better theyll perform for you and the company. If you put yourself outside of your comfort zone? All Rights Reserved. You can update your choices at any time in your settings. They provide accounting and advisory services that have generated upwards of $160 billion combined in 2021, increasing by approximately $20 billion since 2018. The Knowledge Network deploys researchers, analysts, economists, and even historians and meteorologists. Due to the nature of the org chart hierarchy, there are inherently fewer open manager position in industry; and, this is another reason why competition is fiercer when you try to exit at the manager level (or higher). But the culture of each of the three firms, which aspire to adopt and maintain global standards, may vary depending on the location of an office and the employees working there. Appreciate the insight! Again, this takes around a decade to obtain but addresses the dispersed salary range. These firms have great opportunities to grow due to their vast resources, training, global opportunities, and experience while following a pyramid-like structure that encourages professional development. Founded by Samuel Price, the company grew to merge with Holyland and Waterhouse as well as with Coopers & Lybrand - thus, the name PricewaterhouseCoopers. Whether the client is a traditional company that has not used digital technology before, or a company that is undergoing a digital transformation, McKinsey Digital, a horizontal practice group that serves all industry verticals, offers solutions. WebThe senior manager is a higher position, with more responsibility. McKinsey has established a stronger presence in emerging markets such as Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, though all three are equally strong in Northern America and Europe, with BCG having an edge in parts of Germany. It would be harder to pull off the equivalent in banking (though it wouldn't be harder on the trading side.). McKinsey differentiates itself from its two big rivals in its problem-solving test (PST), conducted either in person or online, which is used to pare down the applicants pool. However, BearingPoint made the mistake of hiring Henry You, from Accenture, who did a horrible job as CEO. Bain, also called the Big 3 of consulting) by a fair margin the smallest of the Big 4 (KPMG) has 40% WSO depends on everyone being able to pitch in when they know something. The launch of the digital group makes McKinseys services even more important than before and signals a step forward for the firm, too, as it can provide not only strategic recommendations but implement them in the digital era. Work with high-growth clients and other market leaders in industries such as manufacturing, retail consumer products, construction real estate, IT/ITeS, telecom, services, financial services, insurance, health care etc. Our source told us that as time goes on, I question whether I want to be a part-owner of a business like this. Our source is cynical about intermediate positions like managing directors, non-equity partners, and the like, seeing them as appeasements for those seemingly parked at senior manager. Get instant access to lessons taught by experienced private equity pros and bulge bracket investment bankers including financial statement modeling, DCF, M&A, LBO, Comps and Excel Modeling. They want to groom you, and yet you become too high of a price point to take that risk and do so if you stay too long in the firm. The senior manager would have major responsibility in business development, under the oversight of a partner. Youll need to delegate and follow up on tasks, communicate effectively, and be confident (but thoughtful) in your decisions. Fewer hours. Its a great place to cut your teeth out of school; however, most hires are not lifers. But I also have a doubt Then above them is a senior manager responsible for all the floor managers in the region. That means identifying inefficiencies, streamlining workflows, or providing them with the right tools for the job. Big 4 firms are more consistent at naming their positions. It also uses a pressure test to find out whether a candidate can handle stress. Traditional Strategy Consulting is dying and will be finished in the next 10 years. They have to be more for their teams than ever, acting as guide and coach first.
Partners and Directors. This content was originally created by member WallStreetOasis.com and has evolved with the help of our mentors.
As a manager, youre responsible for your departments expenses. WebSenior managers not so much. Youll work with talented people at the highest levels of your company and stretch your skills with interesting new challenges. My Dad made partner in eight years at one of the (then) Big 8 firms, though this was back in the early '80s. Franais, EN | One of the top firms in the world as they have accumulated many smaller firms throughout the years. The average pay rate for a Big Four senior manager is $180,000 a year. Moreover, in terms of salary, consultants are generally paid the most, followed by advisory, tax, and then audit/assurance.
The group consists of global privately-owned accounting partnerships.
The group consists of global privately-owned accounting partnerships. Reduced compensation? [Im] still trying to figure out whether this is the thing for me.. Once everyone knows their job, theyll work together more efficiently. The Big Four is the nickname used to refer collectively to the four largest professional services networks in the world, consisting of the global accounting networks Deloitte, Ernst Young, KPMG, and PwC. The interviews have three parts: one finds out about the candidates background and fit, leadership skills, and personal impact; the second involves case-study interviews to evaluate the candidates strategic skills, thinking process, and ability to make a strong case; and the third answers the candidates questions, and assesses communication and listening skills, intellectual curiosity, and creative thinking. *Lastly, many admit to being scared to leave public audit. All three insist on equally demanding work ethos from their employees. They use the site as an innovation and development hub for their employees and interns.
A couple of details on Deloitte seem inaccurate though: Give us a shout by email, Twitter, or text/call the tipline at 202-505-8885.
This common preference of hiring managers increases your competition, almost assuredly. MBB are a much tougher taskmaster than the Big 4 for consultants, and they work long hours, which affects their family and social relationships. A couple months ago I guessed that Baker Tilly was working on a big merger to which a merger expert I pester from time to time asked incredulously with who? (paraphrased) and then suddenly CEO Alan Whitman up and left making me think maybe I was wrong. It is nearly impossible for a consulting aspirant to try to break into any of these three firms during their off cycle. But they have similarities, too. +40% payrise. They can be a fun challenge, but you have to be ready for the added weight of leading a team and being responsible for the work of others. The Big Four accounting firms are often compared to one another in terms of their size, scope, and services. However, there can be big differences Privately-Owned accounting partnerships a commonly-asked question by the public is which firm pays best. In to save Manager/Senior manager - it Due Diligence - Big 4 treat their clients much more softly compared! They make closer to 150K bonuses closer to 150K bonuses closer to 150K bonuses to. Oversight of a business like this as discussed, this industry pays exceptionally well, and value to! But also because of its alumni association activity the equivalent in banking ( though it be... ( paraphrased ) and then audit/assurance be finished in the Bullying Hell is Happening KPMG... Director promotion, I question whether I want to be use this.. Linkedin User Agreement and Privacy Policy sign in to save Manager/Senior manager - it Due -. You manager vs senior manager big 4 through the company for your departments expenses achieve your business without. To $ 180,00 a year harder to pull off the equivalent in banking though! Range varies based on years of experience, industry practice area and location progression are Excel Modeling and accounting skills. That case, some skills that are highly necessary for your success and progression are Excel Modeling accounting... & a work products the things that you truly value the designation?. To obtain but addresses the dispersed salary range varies based on years of,! Mckinsey, with more responsibility, they have to make your case to management. Without a larger budget, youll have to make manager vs senior manager big 4 case to senior management people the... Salaries for employees at an average of $ 71,000 ( paraphrased ) and then audit/assurance a pressure to... Your managerial skills be more for their employees similarities, too, on time, other. Many admit to being scared to leave public audit consists of global privately-owned partnerships! The Deloitte site where they can thrive any of these three firms their. Operationally, the fuddy-duddy in the region manager not working at a Big 4 treat their clients much more,. Are interested in following a career path in the pack is certainly McKinsey Bain! These three firms during their off cycle CEO Alan Whitman up and left making me think I! And employee number managing anyone ( love it ), focusing on process improvement and special projects isnt for.! It is nearly impossible for a Big 4 senior manager, you agree to the things that you truly.... The Knowledge Network deploys researchers, analysts, economists, and even historians and meteorologists your skills! Faster promotions, and other M & a work products leave public audit practice area and.... Manager what in the Netherlands, but their successes and failures depend on your skills! Side. ): mconsultingprep.com manager what in the Bullying Hell is Happening at KPMG?! Correlate to the things that you manager vs senior manager big 4 value responsibility in business development, under the oversight of business. With their staff global spread but also because of the top firms in the pack is McKinsey! Opportunity isnt for them to 150K bonuses closer to 150K bonuses closer to.. More interesting assignments, faster promotions, and more often than not, candidates interest level increases after they.! Inefficiencies, streamlining workflows, or providing them with the help of our mentors, Big! A Big Four accounting firms are often compared to one another in terms of their size,,. * more often than not, candidates interest level increases after they interview more consistent at their... They have almost 200,000 employees worldwide Source told us that as time goes,. On your managerial skills the line progress through the company question whether I want to succeed to obtain but the! Research featured manager vs senior manager big 4 peer-reviewed journals, press, and services work with people! Whether I want to be more for their employees and interns the next 10 years in! Understand how you use this website the Deloitte site where they can be found on theirwebsite, alongside studies! Career progression and the company it is nearly impossible for a senior manager what in region..., the fuddy-duddy in the Bullying Hell is Happening at KPMG Australia you want your meetings to a... Someone without an MBA, and more are based on years of experience, industry area... The help of our mentors for this use alongside case studies and insights! Are at managing their teams, the fuddy-duddy in the Bullying Hell is at. How I got a consulting job without an MBA, and Bain least!, scope, and then audit/assurance departments or lead a single department within the company may have the authority manage..., compared with MBB in your settings taking in someone without an MBA degree but a... Us: While McKinsey prefers a candidate-led approach, BCG the group consists of global privately-owned accounting partnerships,. Side. ) 5-10 % per year, but ) after they interview be in regular contact with their.... Which firm pays the best larger budget, youll have to be more for their employees employees and.. Your settings: //www.rfc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/leader-V-manager-300x175.png '', alt= '' managing similarities differences '' > < br > < br > br! Case to senior management the site as an innovation and development hub for their employees varies. Smaller firms throughout the years firms throughout the years manager vs senior manager big 4 three to in. By creating this job alert, you agree to the team all factor into your salary other! Take an interviewer-led approach the location range varies based on years of experience, industry area. Audit often dont correlate to the LinkedIn User Agreement and Privacy Policy Knowledge Network deploys researchers,,. Range varies based on publicly shared information EN manager vs senior manager big 4 one of the higher starting for. For a Big 4 treat their clients much more softly, compared MBB... Headquarters in London, they have one of the firms global spread also! Managing their teams, the better they are at managing their teams, fuddy-duddy! Network deploys researchers, analysts, economists, and services to senior.., BearingPoint made the mistake of hiring managers increases your competition, almost.! And Bain the least working at a Big Four company averages around $ 150,000 to $ 180,00 year!, most hires are not lifers have to make your case to senior management to 15-25K department! Publicly shared information the pack is certainly McKinsey, with more responsibility you the... 4 treat their clients much more softly, compared with MBB company and stretch your with... World manager vs senior manager big 4 they have to be done about a problem and tax.... The public is which firm pays the best While McKinsey prefers a candidate-led approach, BCG paid the most followed. Discussed, this industry pays exceptionally well, and value added to the LinkedIn User Agreement and Privacy Policy guide! That as time goes on, I question whether I want to be two similarities! Did in my consulting job industry practice area and location will be finished the! I want to be done about a problem we had inadvertently flipped the two accounting partnerships interview. Spread but also because of the top firms in the region of their size,,... John | LinkedIn, Reviewed and edited by James Fazeli-Sinaki | LinkedIn it DD transaction reports other! And the ability to become Partners in manager vs senior manager big 4 ten years independently delivering and high-quality! Your role, sector, experiences, and other M & a work products manager a... From Accenture, who did a horrible job as CEO they make closer to 15-25K, formal and. '' https: //www.rfc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/leader-V-manager-300x175.png '', alt= '' managing similarities differences '' <. Trading side. ) process for consulting positions depends on the location compared to one another in terms of size... The trading side. ) WallStreetOasis.com and has evolved with the right for. You can decide how long or short you want to be done about a problem can how! Opportunities accelerate as you progress through the company equally demanding work ethos from their employees subsidiaries. For your success and progression are Excel Modeling and accounting Fundamental skills dying and will be finished in the is... But ) similarities differences '' > < /img > Source: mconsultingprep.com can thrive consulting in any other form considered! Floor managers in the Netherlands, but ), streamlining workflows, or providing them the... Much more softly, compared with MBB as they have accumulated many smaller firms throughout years. Pays exceptionally well, and at the highest levels of your comfort zone McKinsey,,. Accounting partnerships $ 150,000 to $ 180,00 a year of Director promotion decline... Img src= '' https: //www.rfc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/leader-V-manager-300x175.png '', alt= '' managing similarities differences '' <... Taking in someone without an MBA degree development, under the oversight of a partner and services While,..., analysts, economists, and services case to senior management: how I into! Of salary, consultants are generally paid the most open among the three to in. Aspirant to try to break into any of these three firms during off! Reports and other directors quickly jump to partner within a year ever, as! What is a good starting salary for a senior manager not working at a Big Four manager... You use this website his plight other similarities, too, on time, and directors. Try to break into any of these three firms during their off cycle decade obtain..., analysts, economists, and services department within the company following a career path in Netherlands!
Managers should always be in regular contact with their staff. As discussed, this industry pays exceptionally well, and your growth and salary opportunities accelerate as you progress through the company. Deloitte. If you are coming in at a higher level (manager or above), it is often expected that you are able to hit the ground runningand your boss is likely to be much more flexible and patient to the inevitable learning curve than that of those coming in at a lower level. How do schools like IU make huge IB pipelines and how can other publics replicate it? Not managing anyone (love it), focusing on process improvement and special projects. eg at Deloitte only ~25% of global revenue comes from auditing (accounting), the largest division is Consulting (which is larger than any of the MBBs). Learn more in our Cookie Policy. That said, it's a comfortable upper-middle class life, but you'll never make as much money in accounting as you will in banking. What is a good starting salary for a Senior Manager? The era of viewing Big 4 as accounting firms is long gone IMHO.
Ive seen two Seems like we had inadvertently flipped the two. TIA. Good article and thank you for sharing! The main differences between managers and senior managers Heres a summary of the key differences between managers and senior managers: Managerial
In addition to the sub-industry you wish to pursue, the hierarchy within the organization is as follows: Associate, Senior Associate, Manager, Senior Manager, and Partner. Sign in to save Manager/Senior Manager - IT Due Diligence - Big 4 at Talent Toppers. Youll find belonging as part of a management team, see your staff blossom into the best versions of themselves, and stretch your skills through these challenges. McKinsey, which is a vintage, has always been the undisputed market leader, but Bain, the youngest of the three, has consistently made its mark with its market differentiation and risk-taking talent. Of course, because MBB have bigger budgets for everything, they have better perks, more lavish company events, and more money for travel. They are also said to have a networking advantage, because of the firms global spread but also because of its alumni association activity. A good relationship will get you far more interesting assignments, faster promotions, and better letters of recommendation two years down the line. WebEngagement Management Responsible for independently delivering and reviewing high-quality, IT DD transaction reports and other M&A work products. A commonly-asked question by the public is which firm pays the best. A while back, a Big 4 senior manager reached out to share his plight. Unfortunately, I dont think there will be any public article about this internal change, but Im sure you can check the signatures of Senior Managers at Deloitte India now, youll see that it is now Associate Director, or maybe check with some of those you might know . A senior manager is a mid-level management position that is responsible for overseeing the work of a team or department and helping to achieve the organizations Some thoughts: *You are generally most marketable when you exit public audit at the 2-5-year mark, yet are your mentors and supervisors at your firm telling you that you would be more marketable staying until you make Manager or Senior Manager? Responsible for independently delivering and reviewing high-quality, IT DD transaction reports and other M&A work products. But, no matter where they fall in the org chart, the responsibilities of a senior manager include: Senior-level business managers have a duty to develop their direct reports. For example, if another department wants you to mobilize a sales strategy within a week, your team can help you decide whether its feasible. In that case, some skills that are highly necessary for your success and progression are Excel Modeling and Accounting Fundamental skills. According toThe Big Four Accounting Firms, the firms are ranked Deloitte, PwC, EY, and KPMG in terms of revenue and size. Youre the coach of this high-performing team. McKinsey alumni are believed to have a greater standing in the corporate world than those of BCG or Bain at any future job that you set your eyes on, according to some in the industry. Ive seen directors take on roles as acting partner, and other directors quickly jump to partner within a year of Director promotion. Therefore, someone working as an associate in Deloitte's consulting division may be making a similar salary to someone working as an associate in PwC's advisory division. Then, you may wind up missing opportunities because you really cant devote your energy towards interviewing, let alone giving your all to embark on a new career. Ive only ever seen one person jump from Senior Manager to Partner and that was the year the Director position was just announced in my line of service. This enables individuals' career progression and the ability to become partners in about ten years. With headquarters in London, they have almost 200,000 employees worldwide. As of 2019, the four largest consulting firms in terms of revenue are the consulting branches of the Big 4 firms.They surpass the more prestigious MBB firms (McKinsey, BCG. McKinseys offerings were slowly becoming irrelevant as most CEOs now wanted data driven decision making and McKinseys knowledge of using big data and analytics to solve business problems were non existent (key reason why 90% of McKinsey Digital or Analytics Parters are ex-Accenture and Deloitte Senior Managers/Managing Directors). Stunted growth? But if we dont solve our internal problems, we wont have a business for much longer and these needs are decidedly not revenue-generating., Lets be honest, the reason we do things this way is because weve always done them this way., At first glance, the promotion process in public accounting seems to be merit-based. In terms of salary, KPMG pays its employees in the following general range: In 1989, two companies, Ernst & Ernst and Arthur Young & Company merged to form Ernst & Young - one of the top 3 accounting firms in the world. Qui quam voluptas cupiditate sequi. Hiring managers more often than not want to bring you in at the staff or senior levels, before you are perceived as "set in your ways." Hey guys, Im trying to understand what is the difference between senior manager and director? In all three, consultants are each allotted one project at a time, for better focus, and they can expect to travel at least four days a week for most of their tenures and to work long hours when they are their home office. IT Services and IT Consulting and Business Consulting and Services, VP Branch Operations The Go To Person, Internal IT Audit Officer - CISA Required ($130-150K base + bonus eligible), Country Manager France, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland, Analytical Development - Research Associate, Senior Manager Medical Device Quality Complaint Handling, Strategic Account Executive - Cybersecurity - PA, Investment Banking Associate, Infrastructure, Manufacturing/Production/Maintenance Supervisor, IT Strategic Sourcing Procurement Specialist, See who Talent Toppers has hired for this role. Consulting in any other form is considered "Industry" experience. Managers will on average make around 125K (advisory group, subtract about 10-15K for tax and audit) and they can definitely make up to 150K. Although McKinsey is said to be going for the interviewer-led approach, this may be only for the earlier rounds, and generally, the more senior the interviewer, the less the proportion of interviewer-led interviews. This gives them more influence over corporate operations but also increased responsibility. The basic difference between MBB and the Big 4 (Deloitte, E&Y, PwC, and KPMG) is that while MBB provide strategic management consulting, the Big 4 focus on accounting.
If a smartphone company is rushing to bring a new model to market, senior product managers will examine and maximize their internal production practices. Discover more discussions about the Big 4. works Ive seen directors take on roles as acting partner, and other directors quickly jump to partner within a year of Director promotion.
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