The debate between the functionalists and structuralists led to a rapid growth in interest in psychology in the United States and elsewhere, and the establishment of the first psychology laboratory in the U.S., at Johns Hopkins University. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology: Global Perspectives. Social psychology serves the purpose of showing how human behavior is influenced by various social settings.

nature-nurture issue. The growth of psychology as a science was stimulated further by the launching of Sputnik in 1957 and the opening of the Russian-American space race to the Moon.

Unit 4 is all about something that all students should have plenty of experience with: learning!

can only see black and white, ______ = active processing of information, attention is the ___ function assessed in clinical and research settings, attetion IS a limited ______ unlike memory, signal detection vigilance search selective attention divided attention, ______ _____ = detecting a stimulus of interest, ______ = maintaining attention over a period of time, ______ ______ = choosing between competing stimulus, _____ _____ = attending to ; 1 events/activity, _____ ______ theory = how we identify important information among other, irrelevant info, Four possible outcomes of Signal Detection, hits miss correct rejection false alarm, ____ ___ = not detecting an absent signal ( right), ____ ____ = detecting an absent signal (wrong), -high hits /*> high false alarms */ - high correct rejection /*> higher misses, criteria for accuracy can be set ______ based on what is at stake, _______ = the ability to maintain attention over prolonged periods of time. gy s-k-l-j plural psychologies 1 : the science of mind and behavior 2 a : the mental or behavioral characteristics of an
Clinical psychology can help us to understand, prevent, and alleviate psychologically-caused distress or dysfunction, and promote an individuals well-being and personal development.

(2011). With the goal of stabilizing output, explain how and why you would

An in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people.

The AP Psych exam is very vocabulary heavy, so make sure you take the time to learn these terms.

Weighted at a staggering 13-17% of questions on the multiple choice section, learning about cognitive psychology is of utmost importance for the AP Psychology exam.

Individual differences. Webpsychology, scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals.

If there was a holy trinity for AP study sites, Quizlet would most certainly be in it. The Attentive Processes occur later and are ____, _____ _____ = engaged in ; 1 task simultaneously.

In psychology, a schema is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.

Serial Position Effect Definition Psychology Quizlet.Involves reproducing as much information as possible in no particular.

WebMoral psychology is the study of moral identity development, or how people integrate moral ideals with the development of their own character.

psychology good continuation proximity closure Prgnanz Gestalt psychology, school of psychology founded in the 20th century that provided the foundation for the modern study of perception.

Twin studies compared monozygotic (identical) as opposed to dizygotic (fraternal) twins, raised either in the same or in different environments. 5. A forensic psychologist practices psychology as a science within the criminal justice system and civil courts.

Its easy to use interface combined with its multi-purpose functionality helps students of all different learning styles in endless subject areas. Cognitive Psychology Quizlet of Notes Exam 1 Flashcards Jennifer Hawkins 7 July 2022 202 test answers Unlock all answers in this set Unlock answers 202 question _____ dualism overshadowed Hippocrates, even though it was wrong answer Plato Unlock the answer question

Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way. There is no fixed way of classifying them, but here are some common types.

Much of it also reflects conflicts grounded in early childhood that play out in complex patterns of seemingly paradoxical behaviours and symptoms. \hline \text { a. }

Beginning in the 1930s, behaviourism flourished in the United States, with B.F. Skinner leading the way in demonstrating the power of operant conditioning through reinforcement.





Impact and aftermath of the cognitive revolution, Evolving scope and structure of psychological science, Multiple tools and methods for diverse goals, https://www.britannica.com/science/psychology, Verywell Mind - An Overview of Psychology.

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to elicit similar responses Question 10 30 seconds Q.



Their work showed that social behaviour is readily influenced by manipulating specific contingencies and by changing the consequences or reinforcement (rewards) to which behaviour leads in different situations.

Webrefers to knowledge that only becomes clear when a person has an incentive or chance to display it group polarization tendency of group members to move to an extreme position after discussing an issue as a group priming the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory proactive inference

It promotes adaption, adjustment, and personal development.

Introduced in the 1970s, this is seen as the most recent school of thought in psychology.

But some clinical researchers, working with both normal and disturbed populations, began to develop and apply methods focusing on the learning conditions that influence and control social behaviour.

\text { c. } & \text { NE } & \text { NE } & \text { D } & \text { NE } & \text { D } \\ This is done through sensations, perceptions, and empirical data. WebA person's subjective experience of the world and the mind. In 1774, Franz Mesmer proposed that hypnosis, or mesmerism, might help cure some types of mental illness.

Freudians believed that removing the troubling behaviour directly would be followed by new and worse problems.





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Health psychology is also called behavioral medicine or medical psychology. REM occurs, Condition of having difficulty falling or staying asleep, Disorder where rapid and unexpected feelings of sleepiness and drowsiness occur, Disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, Sudden waking episode characterized by screaming, sweating and confusion followed by a return to deep sleep, Theory that dreams reflect inputs from the pons that are recreated into a story, Theory that dreams a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, Sense of one's consciousness leaving the body, Out-of-body experience reported by people who almost died, Feeling of reliving an experience that's new, Feeling of unity or oneness with the world that has strong spiritual overtones, Set of techniques used to change people's perception, thoughts, feelings or behaviours using suggestive alterations, Theory that links people's attitude toward hypnosis and a person's suggestibility, Theory that separates personality functions, Substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons, Reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually, Dependence on a drug that occurs when people need to continue to take to avoid withdrawal symptoms, Dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings, Drug that increases the activity in the central nervous system -> heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep, Drug that causes dramatic alterations of perception, mood an thought, Change in one's behaviour or thought as a result of experience, Process of responding to a stimuli less strongly as it continues, Form of learning used on animals that associates a neutral stimuli with a response stimuli, Stimulus that causes an automatic response without prior conditioning, Automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus, Response caused by the previously neutral stimulus, Initially neutral stimulus that now causes a conditioned response, Learning phase where a conditioned response is established, Gradual reduction/elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without unconditioned stimulus, Sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay following the extinction procedure, Sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment where the conditioned response was acquired, Process by which conditioned stimuli that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response, Process by which organisms display a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus, Developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus because of its association with another conditioned stimulus, Difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to an already familiar stimulus, Conditioned response that is the opposite of the unconditioned response and serves to compensate for the unconditioned response, Learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behaviour, If a response, in the presence of a stimulus, is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, then the bond between the stimulus and response will be positive and strengthened, Grasping the underlying nature of a problem, Small animal chamber constructed by Skinner that allow sustained periods of conditioning to be administered and behaviours to be recorded unsupervised, Outcome or consequence of a behaviour that strengthens the probability of it's occurrence, Presentation of a pleasant stimulus that follows a behaviour to strengthen the probability of the behaviours occurrence, Removal of a negative stimulus that follows a behaviour to strengthen the probability of the behaviours occurrence, Outcome or consequence of a behaviour that weakens the probability of its occurrence, Stimulus associated with the presence of reinforcement, Reinforcing behaviour every time it occurs -> faster learning but faster extinction, Only using reinforcement occasionally -> slower learning but slower extinction, Pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a fixed number of responses, Pattern in which we provide reinforcement for the first response after an interval of time, Pattern in which we provide reinforcement after a variable number of responses, the number varies around some average, Pattern in which we provide reinforcement for the first response following a variable time interval, the time interval varies around some average, Conditioning a target behaviour but progressively reinforcing that behaviour as it gets closer to the target behaviour, Neutral object that becomes associated with a primary reinforcer, Item or outcome that increase the target behaviour, Mental representation of how a physical space is organized, Cell in the prefrontal cortex that becomes activated by specific motions when an animal both performs and observes that action, Evolutionary predisposition to learn some pairings of feared stimuli over others owing to their survival value, Tendency for animals to return to innate behaviours following repeated reinforcement, An individual's preferred or optimal method of acquiring new information, Brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory, Memory system that retains information for limited durations, Fading of information from memory over time, Loss of information from memory because of competition from additional information, Interference with retention so old information due to acquiring new information, Interference with acquiring new information due to previous learning of information, Organizing information into meaningful groups -> allows us to extend the span of short term memory, Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term memory and promote the likelihood of transfer to long term memory, Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short-term memory, Linking stimuli to other meaningful concepts to improve retention, Depts of transforming information, which influence how well we remember it, Relatively enduring retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences and skills, Type of long-term memory that appears to be permanent, Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well, Tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well, Tendency to remember stimuli that are distinctive and stick out from other stimuli, Graph depicting both primary and recency effects on people's ability to recall items on a list, Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness, Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously, Memory for how much to do things, including motor skills and habits, Our ability to identify a stimuli more easily or more quickly after we've encountered similar stimuli, Process of getting information into our memory banks, Learning aid, strategy or device that enhances recall, Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we've stored in memory, Reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores, Hints that make it easier for us to recall information, Generating previously remembered information, Selecting previously remembered information from an array of options, Reacquiring knowledge that we'd previously learned but largely forgotten over time, Studying information in small increments over time versus in large increments over a brief period of time, Experience of knowing that we know something but not being able to access it, Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to that from when it was encoded, Superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context, Superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same physiological or psychological state as it was during encoding, Gradual strengthening of the connections among neurons from repetitive stimulation, Inability to encode new memories from our experiences, Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations, Inability of adults to remember personal experiences that took place before an early age, Emotional memory that is extraordinarily vivid and detailed, Lack of clarity about the origin of a memory, Failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else, Procedure that encourages patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place, Creation of fictitious memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place, advantages and disadvantages of single-parent, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins.

people who teach, provide therapy, conduct research, or work in specialized programs dealing with drug abuse or crisis intervention.

Acute Stress Definition Psychology Quizlet.



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