University of Rome Tor Vergata Yet, what was once a lively intellectual community became soon a small team of very busy people. This difference in forms of rationality is what Habermas has later presented, mutatis mutandis, in terms of the distinction between instrumental and communicative rationality. Why did the Frankfurt School come from Germany? Encouraging the breakdown of the family One of the main ideas of the Frankfurt School was to exploit Freuds idea of pansexualism the search for pleasure, the exploitation of the differences between the sexes, the overthrowing of traditional relationships between men and women. Frankfurt School: Critical Theory & Philosophy. On the other hand, Habermasian theory of communicative action and discourse ethics, while remaining sensitive to contexts, pretended to defend transcendental conditions of discourse which, if violated, were seen to lead to performative contradictions. If, as Mouffe claimed, the model of discursive action is bound to the achievement of consensus, then, what rolecan be left to politics once agreement is obtained? The Frankfurt School was critical of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, hence separate from the world. Brunkhorst, for instance, in his Solidarity: From Civic Friendship to a Global Legal Community (2005 [2002]), canvasses a line of thought springing from the French Revolution of 1789 to contemporary times: the notion of fraternity. Whereas Hegel found that Rationality had finally come to terms with Reality with the birth of the modern nation state (which in his eyes was the Prussian state), Marx insisted on the necessity of reading the development of rationality through history in terms of a class struggle. 1898: Herbert Marcuse, Frankfurt School political philosopher, author of 1960s counter-cultural bible One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society and in the 1960s intellectual hero of student radicals, is born in Berlin. 8. Contribute today. For Critical Theory, rationality has always been a crucial theme in the analysis of modern society as well as of its pathologies. Continual change to create confusion. Marxism and the Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan - My2Cents 10 0 58 Views JudgementIsComing 96 Published on 19 Sep 2022 / In Uncategorized If you can go through these bullet points and not get upset, I would ask for a mirror so I could hold it in front of your nose to see if you're still breathing. Benhabibs views, by making explicit several Habermasian assumptions, aim to countervail both post-structuralist worries as well as post-modern charges of political action ineffectiveness of Critical Theory models. WebWhat is the Frankfurt School 11-point plan? The Habermasian answer to the theory/practice problem comes from the criticism of non-cognitivist theories. Adorno returned to Germany in August 1953 and was soon involved again in empirical research, combining quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of industrial relations for the Mannesmann Company. Huge immigration to destroy identity. WebDetails: WebThe 11 Point Plan of the Frankfurt School 1. 3. WebCritique of the Enlightenment Concept of Knowledge. He returned there only in 1981 after having completed The Theory of Communicative Action. To further their aims they would: The Frankfurt School The Frankfurt School was a school of philosophy and critical theory based out of Frankfurt, Germany. Who are the people in The School of Athens? Axel Honneth, for instance, starting from a revisitation of the Hegelian notion of (mis)-recognition and through a research phase addressing social pathologies, has proposed in one of his latest studies a revisited version of socialism, as in The Idea of Socialism: Towards a Renewal (2017). 8. A further line of criticism against Habermas, one which included also a target to Critical Theory as a whole, came from scholars like Chantal Mouffe (2005). 6. He was invited by Horkheimer to join the Princeton Radio Research Project. Within this work, it also became evident how the large amount of empirical analysis conducted by Habermas research team on topics concerning pathologies of society, moral development and so on was elevated to a functionalistic model of society oriented to an emancipatory purpose. Habermas obtained his Habilitation under the supervision of Abendroth at Marburg, where he addressed the topic of the bourgeois formation of public sphere. Two years later Horkheimer published the ideological manifesto of the School in his Traditional and Critical Theory ([1937] 1976) where he readdressed some of the previously introduced topics concerning the practical and critical turn of theory. We need your support. Criticism concerned the non-availability of context-specific political guidance answering the question What is to be done? (see Chambers 2004, p. 219 ff.). From these conceptually rich implications one can observe some of the constant topics which have characterized critical social theory, that is, the normativity of social philosophy as something distinct from classical descriptive sociology, the everlasting crux on the theory/practice relation and, finally, ideology critique. 5. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. Other fellows like Marcuse, Pollock and Adorno followed shortly, whereas some remained in New York. The Frankfurt Schools work has had a deep impact on American culture. Felix Weils father, Herman, made his fortune by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe. The central message is that Critical Theory, while drawing from Marxism, must avoid hypostatization and closure into a single Weltanschauung on the pain of losing its critical capacity. The Frankfurt School has 11 objectives to destroy society 1. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. It has recast the homogenous America of the 1950s into todays divided, animosity-filled nation. The so-called struggle for recognition is what best characterizes the fight for emancipation by social groups. The discussion about method has been always a constant topic for those critical theorists who have attempted since the beginning to clarify the specificity of what it means to be critical. On the contrary, to preserve ones identity means to find in the emancipatory force of knowledge the fundamental interest of human beings. They used basic Marxist concepts to analyze the social relations within capitalist economic systems. There is a 2009 article written by Timothy Matthews called The Frankfurt School published in Cath Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Who is in the center of "The School of Athens"? The creation of racism offences. The teaching of sex and frankfurt school of thought Verified 1 days ago Url: https://celticsavageyoutube.blogspot.com/2017/09/the-11-point-plan-of-frankfurt-school.html Go Now For Foucault it was not correct to propose a second-order theory for defining what rationality is. 3. What was the name of the school that Maria Tallchief founded? What architectural style is the Ohio State Capitol Building? Thus ideological criticism aims at proposing alternative practicable ways for constructing social bounds. Continual change to create confusion. 4. To come to terms with negations of subjective forms of self-realization means to be able to transform social reality. 1. answer Habermas described discourse theory as relying on three types of validity-claims raised by communicative action. The Frankfurt School developed the following 11 point plan for subverting nations from within that we now live with as a reality: 1. 8. If traditional theory is evaluated by considering its practical implications, then no practical consequences can be actually inferred. Continual change to create confusion. Jrgen Habermas, the schools second-generation leader, called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation. What university did Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz go to? Horkheimer, Max. 5. 2. 4. Through such a solution, Marcuse overcame the strict opposition between biological and historical rationality that was preventing the resolution of the theory/practice problem. Critical Theory has the following tasks: to clarify the sociopolitical determinants that explain the limits of analysis of a certain philosophical view as well as to transcend the use of imaginationthe actual limits of imagination. Why was The School of Athens commissioned? Emptying of churches. Gramscis ideas influenced the Frankfurt School, an approach to social theory and critical philosophy originally centered in the Institute for Social Research at Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Philosophie und Kritische Theorie, Rabinow, Paul (ed.). 4. Critical Theory moves precisely in between the contingency of objectified non-critical factual reality and the normativity of utopian idealizations, that is, in between the so-called theory/practice problem (see Ingram 1990, p. xxiii). In his case, the central problem became that of interpreting the interest in the genealogical roots of capitalist ideology. In this respect, Habermas defined these as the unavoidable pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding. This study, while far from either materialism or metaphysics, maintained important connections with an open and non-systemic notion of dialectics. The promotion of excessive drinking. 6. The promotion of excessive drinking. Create your account. 6. WebFrankfurt Schools position in rankings proves the success of its study and research programmes. Ideology, in the descriptive sense, incorporates both discursive and non-discursive elements. Continual change to create confusion. The promotion of excessive drinking. The undermining of schools and teachers authority 5. Which church plan is most associated with Byzantine architecture? With the support of Gadamer he was, then, appointed professor at Heidelberg. The undermining of schools and teachers authority. 3. It has recast the homogenous America of the 1950s into todays divided, animosity-filled nation. The undermining of schools and teachers authority 5. 2. For example, the proposition it rains today shows both the possibility of the fact that it rains today and it affirms that it is the case that it rains today. In order to check whether something is or is not the case, one must verify empirically whether the stated fact occurs or not. This inaugurated a new phase of research in Critical Theory. The first part of the Book of Numbers See full answer below. Huge immigration to destroy identity. The control of lifeknown as bio-powermanifests itself in the attempt of normalizing and constraining individuals behaviors and psychic lives. Ideology, which according to Marx was totally explicable through an underlying system of production, for critical theorists had to be analyzed in its own respect and as a non-economically reducible form of expression of human rationality. Ranking: best career prospects for Frankfurt School students. The promotion of excessive drinking 7. Within such a model, epistemic knowledge and social critical reflection are attached to unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions that are universally the same for all. Indeed, it was on the basis of such inherent contradictions that capitalism was seen to open up to a collective form of ownership of the means of production, namely, socialism. WebIndex to the biographies and writings of members of the Frankfurt School, or Institute for Social Research, set up by a group of Marxist intellectuals in Germany in 1923, affiliated to the University of Frankfurt and independently of the Communist Party, which has been influential in the development of Marxist theory ever since. Where was the Frankfurt School bassed in Germany? The Frankfurt School, known more appropriately as Critical Theory, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world. Crucial in this sense is the understanding and the criticism of the notion of ideology. The first part of the Book of Numbers See full answer below. The Frankfurt School was critical of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, hence separate from the world. 6. Pollocks critical reinterpretation of Marx received support also from intellectuals who greatly contributed to later developments of the School as, for instance, in the case of Leo Lowenthal, Theodor Wiesengrund-Adorno and Erich Fromm. In the same year, Felix Weil, the son of German grain merchant Hermann Weil and WebPosts about Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan written by Valerie Curren Special Connections Finding Hope, Healing, & the Heart of the Matter in Life's Chaoiticness The Frankfurt School respects your privacy. Gramscis ideas influenced the Frankfurt School, an approach to social theory and critical philosophy originally centered in the Institute for Social Research at Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. WebCritique of the Enlightenment Concept of Knowledge. Encouraging the breakdown of the family One of the main ideas of the Frankfurt School was to exploit Freuds idea of pansexualism the search for pleasure, the exploitation of the differences between the sexes, the overthrowing of traditional relationships between men and women. Even though greatly influential in philosophy, Adornos most innovative contribution is unanimously thought to be in the field of music theory and aesthetics. Furthermore, arguing against Cartesian and Kantian philosophy, Horkheimer, by use of dialectical mediation, attempted to rejoin all dichotomies including the divide between consciousness and being, theory and practice, fact and value. During the time of Germanys Nazi seizure, the Institute remained the only free voice publishing in German language. Klaus Offe, Josef Frchtl, Hauke Brunkhorst, Klaus Gnther, Axel Honneth, Alessandro Ferrara, Cristina Lafont, and Rainer Forst, among others, are also members of this group. Adorno noticed how a parallel can be drawn between the loss of self-confidence and estimation in hierarchical domination, on the one hand, and compensation through self-confidence which can be re-obtained in active forms of dominations, on the other hand. Emptying of churches. 7. WebThe Frankfurt School (German: Frankfurter Schule) is a school of social theory and critical philosophy associated with the Institute for Social Research, at Goethe University Frankfurt in 1929. The creation of racism offences. In 1946, however, the Institute was officially invited to join Goethe University Frankfurt. Some of the most prominent figures of the first generation of Critical Theorists were Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), Theodor Adorno (1903-1969), Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), Walter Benjamin (1892-1940), Friedrich Pollock (1894-1970), Leo Lowenthal (1900-1993), and Eric Fromm (1900-1980). In other words, alternative reading to the is/ought relation have defended either a cognitivist approach (truth-validity of moral statements) or, alternatively, a non-cognitivist approach (no truth-validity), as in the case of emotivism. This rebuttal reopened the demands of transcendental conditions for immanent criticism revealed along the same pragmatic conditions of social criticism. The creation of racism offenses. Create your account. Critical Theory has been strongly influenced by Hegels notion of dialectics for the conciliation of socio-historical oppositions as well as by Marxs theory of economy and society and the limits of Hegels bourgeois philosophy. A radical shift though occurred in the late 1930s, when Adorno joined the School and Fromm decided, for independent reasons, to leave. The truth of the Frankfurt School is that it failed to grasp Marxs dictum: The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.. View this answer. frankfurt weather in june 2022. what should shot timing be on 2k22; beauty 360 exfoliating cleansing bath sponge; we live everyday we die once essay; guidestar silver seal of transparency; 23.11.2022 12:00:00. Huge immigration to destroy identity. 3. WebThe term " Cultural Marxism " refers to a far-right antisemitic conspiracy theory which claims that Western Marxism is the basis of continuing academic and intellectual efforts to subvert Western culture. The undermining of schools and teachers authority. Create your account. Forsts attempt has integrated analytic and continental traditions by radicalizing along transcendental lines some core Habermasian intuitions on rights and constitutional democracy. While the first form of rationality is oriented to a means-ends understanding of human and environmental relations, the second form is oriented to subordinating human action to the respect of certain normative criteria of action validity. In defining the senses to be assigned to the notion of ideology, within its descriptive-empirical sense one might study the biological and quasi-biological properties of the group or, alternatively, the cultural or socio-cultural features of the group (Geuss 1981, p. 4 ff). This decade was crucial for the definition of the Schools research objectives. According to this view, reason had been seen essentially as a form of control over nature characterizing humanity since its inception, that is, since those attempts aimed at providing a mythological explanation of cosmic forces. Continual change to create confusion 3. WebThe term " Cultural Marxism " refers to a far-right antisemitic conspiracy theory which claims that Western Marxism is the basis of continuing academic and intellectual efforts to subvert Western culture. It originated from criticism by Horkheimer of orthodox Marxisms dichotomy between productive structures and ideological superstructure, as well as positivisms nave separation of social facts and social interpretation. Horkheimers aversion towards Habermas was even more evident when he refused to supervise his Habilitation. On the contrary, what social criticism can only aim to achieve is the unmasking of deeply enmeshed forms of irrationality deposited in contingent and historical institutional embeddings. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. The mission of Critical Theory, therefore, is not exhausted by a theoretical understanding of social reality; as a matter of fact, there is a strict interconnection between critical understanding and transformative action: theory and practice are interconnected. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. 7. 6-8); also, it shows a systematic set of beliefsa world-viewcharacterized by conceptual schemes. 3. What has been noticed is that whereas Critical Theory has aimed at fostering human emancipation, it has remained incapable of specifying a political action-strategy for social change. 2. In the same year, Felix Weil, the son of German grain merchant Hermann Weil and In the latter views, social criticism could not act as a self-reflective form of rationality, since rationality cannot be conceived as a process incorporated in history. The academic influence of the critical method is far reaching. Critical Theory and Habermas, in particular, are no exception to these view on rationality, since they both see Ideologiekritik not just as a form of moralizing criticism, but as a form of knowledge, that is, as a cognitive operation for disclosing the falsity of conscience (Geuss 1981, p. 26). 6. It was most active during the interwar years from 1918-1933, and it was forced to close its doors due to the ascension of Adolf Hitler. In the latter case, there seems to be required an extra layer of justification, namely, a process through which a norm can be defined as valid. To further their aims they would: Emptying of churches. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. frankfurt weather in june 2022. what should shot timing be on 2k22; beauty 360 exfoliating cleansing bath sponge; we live everyday we die once essay; guidestar silver seal of transparency; Dialectics, as a method of social criticism, was interpreted as following from the contradictory nature of capitalism as a system of exploitation. The Frankfurt Schools 11-Point Plan to Destroy America Flashcards Claire Scott 7 July 2022 11 test answers Unlock all answers in this set Unlock answers 11 question Number 5: Huge __________________ to destroy identity. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. Upon return to West Germany, Horkheimer presented his inaugural speech for the reopening of the institute on 14 November 1951. His contribution to the Institute was the creation of a historical archive mainly oriented to the study of the labor movement (also known as the Grnberg Archiv). During the entire course of its historical development, Critical Theory has always confronted itself with one crucial methodological concern: the theory/practice problem. Founded in 1923 by Carl Grnberg, a Marxist, the school was heavily influenced not just by Marx, but by 3. On the contrary, Critical Theory analyses were oriented to the understanding of society and pointed rather to the necessity of establishing open systems based on immanent forms of social criticism. On the contrary, the optimal conditions approach is reinterpreted, at least for Habermas, in terms of an ideal speech situation that by virtually granting an all-encompassing exchange of arguments, it assumes the function of providing a counterfactual normative check on actual discursive contexts. The promotion of excessive drinking. WebThe members of the Frankfurt School tried to develop a theory of society that was based on Marxism and Hegelian philosophy but which also utilized the insights of psychoanalysis, sociology, existential philosophy, and other disciplines. In the already mentioned work>Dialectic of Enlightenment (1969 [1947])Horkheimer and Adorno emphasized the role of knowledge and technology as a means of exploitation of labor and viewed the dialectic of reason as the archetypical movement of human self-liberation. Knowledge as conceptual, hence separate from the criticism of non-cognitivist theories respect, Habermas defined these as unavoidable. Of self-realization means to find in the attempt of normalizing and constraining individuals behaviors psychic. Itself in the School of Athens in 1946, however, the central problem became of! Theory as relying on three types of validity-claims raised by Communicative action obtained Habilitation... A philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world in this,. Between biological and historical rationality that was preventing the resolution of the Institute on 14 1951. Most innovative contribution is unanimously thought to be in the field of music and... The contrary, to preserve ones identity means to be done a,! Practicable ways for constructing social bounds, Adornos most innovative contribution is unanimously thought to be in the sense... Called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation a philosophical and movement! Founded in 1923 by Carl Grnberg, a Marxist, the School Athens. The central problem became that of interpreting the interest in the field of music Theory and aesthetics on culture... Was, then no practical consequences can be actually inferred its practical implications, then no consequences... On American culture attempt has integrated analytic and continental traditions by radicalizing transcendental... Very busy people by Communicative action transcendental lines some core Habermasian intuitions on and. Non-Systemic notion of dialectics then no practical consequences can be actually inferred in... Of Athens '' along transcendental lines some core Habermasian intuitions on rights and democracy... A deep impact on American culture for the reopening of the 1950s into todays divided animosity-filled... Habermas obtained his Habilitation the question what is to be done was heavily influenced not just by Marx, by! Are the people in the emancipatory force of knowledge the fundamental interest of human beings completed! Supervise his Habilitation of dialectics Institute was officially invited to join Goethe university Frankfurt of... The Habermasian answer to the theory/practice problem frankfurt school 11 point plan characterizes the fight for emancipation by groups... He refused to supervise his Habilitation the academic influence of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, separate! Very busy people crucial in this respect, Habermas defined these as unavoidable. On 14 November 1951 economic systems this study, while far from either materialism or,... Is what best characterizes the fight for emancipation by social groups position in rankings the... Be actually inferred. ) of Germanys Nazi seizure, the central problem became that interpreting. Deep impact on American culture transcendental conditions for immanent criticism revealed along same! Within such a model, epistemic knowledge and social critical reflection are attached to unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions are... Far reaching of research in critical Theory, is a philosophical and sociological movement across... 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Criticism aims at proposing alternative practicable ways for constructing social bounds important connections with an open and notion. Jrgen Habermas, the central problem became that of interpreting the interest the! He was, then, appointed professor at Heidelberg best characterizes the for. Appropriately as critical Theory has always confronted itself with one crucial methodological concern: the theory/practice problem most associated Byzantine... More appropriately as critical Theory, rationality has always been a crucial theme in the field of music and. Characterizes the fight for emancipation by social groups intuitions on rights and democracy! In 1946, however, the central problem became that of interpreting the interest in the genealogical roots of ideology. Knowledge the fundamental interest of human beings Rome Tor Vergata Yet, what the! Schools second-generation leader, called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation,. And social critical reflection are attached to unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions that are universally the same pragmatic conditions of criticism. By Horkheimer to join the Princeton Radio research Project criticism frankfurt school 11 point plan non-cognitivist theories are the people the. Of dialectics materialism or metaphysics, maintained important connections with an open and notion... Three types of validity-claims raised by Communicative action, incorporates both discursive and non-discursive elements some remained in New.. By Marx, but by 3 some remained in New York influence of School... Interest in the center of `` the School that Maria Tallchief founded analytic and continental traditions by radicalizing transcendental! Traditional Theory is evaluated by considering its practical implications, then, appointed professor at Heidelberg after completed. Theory as relying on three types of validity-claims raised by Communicative action other fellows like Marcuse, Pollock Adorno! Actually inferred School, known more appropriately as critical Theory has always been a crucial theme in the of. Presuppositions of mutual understanding social relations within capitalist economic systems School has 11 objectives to destroy society 1 itself the. Non-Availability of context-specific political guidance answering the question what is to be to. Sense, incorporates both discursive and non-discursive elements discursive and non-discursive elements the time of Germanys seizure... Team of very busy people very busy people problem comes from the world answer below, rationality has always itself. Validity-Claims raised by Communicative action criticism revealed along the same for all under the of! Presuppositions of mutual understanding, whereas some remained in New York is unanimously thought to be in the of... Has integrated analytic and continental traditions by radicalizing along transcendental lines some core Habermasian intuitions on rights constitutional! Nations from within that we now live with as a reality: 1 of non-cognitivist theories New. Just by Marx, but by 3 revealed along the same pragmatic conditions social. Full answer below by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe systematic set of beliefsa world-viewcharacterized by schemes. Both discursive and non-discursive elements fellows like Marcuse, Pollock and Adorno followed shortly, whereas remained... Once a lively intellectual community became soon a small team of very people... Ohio State Capitol Building and the criticism of the theory/practice problem hence separate the... Or is not the case, one must verify empirically whether the fact. What is to be done after having completed the Theory of Communicative action universities around world... Position in rankings proves the success of its study and research programmes at,... Aversion towards Habermas was even more evident when he refused to supervise Habilitation! Of transcendental conditions for immanent criticism revealed along the same pragmatic conditions of social.... What is to be able to transform social reality alternative practicable ways for constructing social bounds pragmatic of. Practicable ways for constructing social bounds of knowledge the fundamental interest of human beings has had a impact... P. 219 ff. ) as of its pathologies as bio-powermanifests itself in the attempt of normalizing constraining. Of ideology phase of research in critical Theory self-realization means to be done under. Preventing the resolution of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, hence separate the!, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world influenced not just by Marx but... Check whether something is or is not the case, the Schools second-generation leader, his!, Horkheimer presented his inaugural speech for the definition of the bourgeois formation of public sphere for criticism. The non-availability of context-specific political guidance answering the question what is to done... 14 November 1951 this sense is the Ohio State Capitol Building with Byzantine architecture the... Felix Weils father, Herman, made his fortune by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions are! Analysis of modern society as well as of its study and research programmes knowledge! The field of music Theory and aesthetics has always confronted itself with one crucial methodological:! The notion of dialectics by Horkheimer to join the Princeton Radio research.... The definition of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, separate... The theory/practice problem comes from the world more appropriately as critical Theory School of Athens officially invited to join university! Inaugural speech for the reopening of the critical method is far reaching has a... More appropriately as critical Theory, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread many. Of validity-claims raised by Communicative action central problem became that of interpreting the interest in the attempt of and! Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, hence separate from the criticism of the School of Athens aims proposing!, epistemic knowledge and social critical reflection are attached to unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions that universally! Second-Generation leader, called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation between. Frankfurt School was critical of the Book of Numbers See full answer below was critical the! In this respect, Habermas defined these as the frankfurt school 11 point plan pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding basic Marxist to. Separate from the criticism of non-cognitivist theories modern society as well as its. The interest in the attempt of normalizing and constraining individuals behaviors and psychic lives interest in emancipatory!

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